摘要
加拿大魁北克省１９７７年通过的《法语宪章》是西方世界第一部地方性的语言大法，苏联１９８９年问世的《爱沙尼亚苏维埃社会主义共和国语言法》是东方世界第一部地方性语言大法。本文在描述了这两个地区语言立法的背景、语言法的内容以及语言立法的目的、措施和影响，比较了两地语言立法的异同后指出，《法语宪章》实施２０余年，并未出现魁北克省从加拿大分离出去的格局，而爱沙尼亚《语言法》颁布后两年半，该共和国就从苏联独立出来，这表明地区语言立法与分离主义的政治结局之间没有必然的因果关系。魁北克的实践表明，语言立法是缓解语言冲突的民族矛盾的有效手段。
Both the Character of French Language （ Bill 101,1977） of the Quebec Province of Canada and the Language Law （1989） of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic of the former USSR are regional language legislation, which have played important role in language planning and nationalist movements in the province or republic respectively. The separatist or independence setup, since Bill 101 was passed, has never presented in Quebec, however, Estonia gained its independence on August 20, 1991 when the Language Law had been passed for two years and a half. It seems to show that there is no certain causality between language legislation and a separatist political result. Quebec＇s practice shows that the language legislation is an effective means to relax the language conflict and ethnic contradictions. We should not n^gate the positive role of the language legislation merely because the language legislation had promoted the Estonia＇s national independence.
出处
《世界民族》
CSSCI
北大核心
1999年第2期21-31,共11页
Journal of World Peoples Studies
