摘要
目的掌握中山市企业中使用的有机溶剂作业岗位的危害情况,为开展使用有机溶剂的危害防治提供依据。方法对中山市的家具、化工、制鞋、电子、五金、包装印刷等常见行业共287家使用有机溶剂作业岗位的检测结果进行分析。结果 287家使用有机溶剂的企业,共2 080个有机溶剂使用岗位;化学毒物超标率前三位依次为三氯乙烯(45.6%)、甲醇(20.0%)、甲苯(2.6%),苯的最大超标倍数居首位;岗位超标率最高的前三位行业依次为五金(18.5%)、化工涂料(15.1%)、灯饰(13.2%),不同行业超标率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=71.68,P<0.01);有机溶剂超标岗位主要见于喷油、刷胶、清洁、印刷、调漆等。结论中山市企业涉及有机溶剂作业岗位数量较多,行业分布广泛,苯系物有机溶剂使用普遍,应加强有机溶剂使用的监管和职业危害的宣传工作,做好职业危害防治措施,预防有机溶剂中毒。
Objective To understand the status of occupational harmfulness of organic solvents among the enterprises in Zhongshan City, and provide evidence for preventing and controlling the harm of organic solvents. Methods Common indus- tries of 287 enterprises in Zhongshan City, including furniture, paint - making, shoemaking, electronics, hardware, packaging and printing, which used organic solvents, were surveyed and the detection results of the posts were statistically analyzed. Re- sults Among the 287 enterprises, 2,080 posts used organic solvents. The top 3 standard- exceeding chemical poisons were tri- chloroethylene （45.6%）, methanol （20.0%）, and toluene （2.6%）. The maximum super- standard multiple of benzene ranked first. The top 3 standard- exceeding posts were hardware （18.5 % ）, paint- making （15.1% ） and electrical lighting （ 13.2 % ）, there were statistically significant differences in the standard - exceeding rate among different industries （ X^2 = 71.68, P = 0.01 ）. The standard - exceeding posts used organic solvents were mainly spraying, brushing gum, cleaning, printing, paint mixing, and so on. Conclusions The posts used organic solvents in Zhongshan City are various and widespread; moreover, the benzene- compounds are commonly used in the above - mentioned industries. It is necessary to strengthen the occupational hygienic management and the related health education and develop preventive and control measures so as to prevent organic sol- vent poisoning.
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2014年第1期69-71,共3页
Practical Preventive Medicine
关键词
有机溶剂
作业场所
职业危害
Organic solvent
Workplace
Occupational hazard
