摘要
利用常规气象观测资料,对2011年发生在喀什地区夏季罕见的两次强度不同的超级单体致雹风暴进行了特征分析。结果表明:不稳定层结、冷空气活动频繁和抬升触发条件是喀什地区产生强对流天气的共同环境场特征;充足的水汽及强的垂直风切变更有利于喀什地区深厚湿对流活动的产生;初夏雹暴的发生、发展存在1支异常水汽输送,输送量10.9×108t;而盛夏雹暴存在3支异常水汽输送,输入量11.4×108t;θe陡立区与冰雹落区对应较好,垂直涡度与倾斜涡度发展旺盛,是造成大范围雹暴的主要原因。强回波高悬,低层入流显著、低层反射率因子高梯度区是强对流天气共同的回波特征;初夏雹暴为弓形回波、中-γ尺度;盛夏雹暴为强超级单体、中-β尺度;回波伸展高度越高、低层入流越显著、垂直风切变越强的对流系统产生的天气越激烈,易产生大雹。
With conventional observation meteorological data, this paper analyzed characteristics about two rare strong supercell hailstorms occurred in Kashi, summer, 2011. The results showed that un- stable stratification, frequent cold air activities and uplift trigger condition are common environmental field characteristics of strong convection weather in Kashi; ample water vapor and strong vertical wind shear are more advantageous to the occurring of deep moist convection activities in Kashi; an abnormal water vapor transport in early summer hailstorm provides 10. 9 tons output, while there are three anoma- lous water vapor transports in midsummer hailstorm, which is 11.4 × 10^8 tons; that θo steep zone and hail falling area are consistent, and the vertical vorticity and SVD are exuberant ： all are the main reasons of a wide range of hailstorm . Strong echo overhang, low level inflow, lower reflectivity factor＇s high gradient zone are common echo characteristics of strong convective weather; early summer hailstorms are bow ech- o, -γscale, while mid-summer＇s are strong supercell, -β scale; the higher echo stretching height is, the more remarkable low level inflow is. Strong convection weather system of vertical wind shear produces more intense weather and large hail.
出处
《气象科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期693-700,共8页
Journal of the Meteorological Sciences
基金
中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2012-070)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40875029
41175043)
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY200906003)
新疆气象科技研究课题(201219)
关键词
超级单体
致雹风暴特征
环境场
水汽输送
Supercell
Features of hailstorm
Environment
Water vapor transport
