摘要
为探索高速公路团雾天气的发生规律和局地性特征，根据布设于中国沪宁高速公路沿线的AWMS系统实测资料，对2006--2009年期间该公路上发生的团雾和大雾过程进行了统计分析，探讨了团雾发生的气象和地形、地貌条件，并对临湖环境的公路东部路段和临江环境的中西部路段的团雾特征作了比较。研究表明：（1）沪宁高速公路上团雾和大雾的季节变化有着相似的季节分布，都是秋、冬、春季发生频率高，夏季发生频率低。（2）团雾和大雾因路段和站点不同而差异较大，大雾的分布是东少西多，团雾的分布趋势则是东部的临湖路段中有4个站点发生频率高，其余站点低，西部的临江路段则发生频率普遍高。（3）一般，团雾发生的气象条件是温度在-4～30℃，相对湿度在85％-95％，风速在3m·s^-1以内；团雾的主要发生时段在00-06时之间，通常在生成后的4h内消散。（4）东部路段中的临湖环境，提供了团雾形成的有利条件，中西部的临江路段，则由于丘陵地形作用和水汽及气溶胶输送通道而成为团雾高发的区域。（5）在夏季大气对流运动频繁，城市近地层污染物易于扩散，雾和霾都不易形成；而冬季近地层大气对流不活跃，常不利于污染物扩散．这使得城市雾和霾的容易形成且不易消散。
In order to ascertain the occurrence pattern and local characteristics of the dumpling fog weather processes on the expressways in China, this paper used the observed data from the automatic weather monitoring system （AWMS） on the Shanghai--Nanjing Expressway to conduct a statistics analy- sis of the regional dense fog events and the dumpling fog events during 2006 to 2009. The characteristic difference between the dumpling fogs occurred in the eastern lakeside section and in the central-western riverside section on the expressway was compared in detail. The occurrence pattern and engendering me- teorological conditions of the dumpling fog events were discussed. The main conclusions were as follows ： （ 1 ） The seasonal variations of dumpling fog and regional fog were similar, which were the higher occur- rence frequencies in autumn, winter and spring but the lower occurrence frequencies in summer. （2） The occurrence frequencies and spatial distribution of the dumpling fog and regional fog along the express- way were quite different due to the different sections and stations in AWMS. There were more regional fog events occurred in the eastern section than in the western section. There are 4 stations with higher occur- rence frequencies of dumpling fog in the eastern section while the other stations suffer lower frequencies. The occurrence frequencies of the dumpling fog were generally higher in the western riverside section than in the other sections. （3）Usually, the following meteorological conditions were favorable to the dumpling fog engendering ： air temperature from - 4 to 30 ℃, the relative humidity from 85 % to 95 % , wind speed was 3 m ·s^-1 or less. The occurring time of the dumpling fog ranged from 00 ： 00 am to 6 ： 00 am and they disappeared in 4 h after the engendering. （4） The lakeside environment of the eastern section on the ex- pressway provided a favorable situation for the engendering of dumpling fog and the central-western river- side section of the expressway was the highest frequency area of the dumpling fog due to its hilly topogra- phy, water vapor and aerosol transport channels. （5）In summer, atmospheric pollutants in cities were easily dissipated due to frequent atmospheric convection, which impeded the formation of fog and haze; but in winter, atmospheric pollutants in cities were difficult to dissipate due to inactive atmosphere, which promoted the formation of fog and haze.
出处
《气象科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期634-642,共9页
Journal of the Meteorological Sciences
基金
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY200906037-27)
江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2010750)
江苏省高校优势学科建设工程
关键词
团雾
发生规律
局地性
Dumpling fog
Occurrence pattern
Local characteristics
