摘要
目的了解陕西省农村地区已婚妇女生育史及其5岁以下儿童死亡现状，探讨妇女生育史对其5岁以下儿童死亡影响的特点。方法采用横断面调查设计，利用三阶段分层随机抽样法获得样本，调查陕西省5个国家Ⅳ类贫困县已婚妇女的生育史及其5岁以下儿童死亡现状。结果共调查4732名妇女，平均初育年龄23．65岁，平均产次1．49次，1、2胎生育平均间隔6．96年，2、3胎生育平均间隔3．98年。在被调查妇女的5岁以下儿童中，2007--2010年婴儿死亡数占5岁以下儿童死亡数的32．19％，新生儿死亡数占婴儿死亡数的70.21％，新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为6．71‰、9．55‰、29．67％。多胎的婴儿死亡率大于单胎（X2=6．057，P=0．014），不同产次间5岁以下儿童死亡率存在差异（X2=17．469，P〈0．001），不同生育间隔婴儿死亡率也存在差异（t=13．137，P=0．001）。结论陕西省农村地区已婚妇女生育状况良好。婴儿死亡数占5岁以下儿童死亡数的比例变化不大，但新生儿死亡数仍占婴儿死亡数的绝大比例，2007--2010年婴儿死亡率、5岁以下儿童死亡率较2000年有所下降，但仍高于城市。多胎、生育产次多及生育间隔短是影响5岁以下儿童死亡的重要因素。
Objective To investigate the current status of reproductive history among married women and the mortality rate of children under 5 years. Influence of reproductive history among married women on mortality rate of their children under 5 years in rural areas in Shaanxi province was also studied. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on reproductive history and mortality rate of their children under 5 years of age in five Fourth National-Level Poverty-Stricken counties in Shaanxi province. Sample under study was chosen according to the three-stage stratified random sampling technique. Results A total number of 4 732 married women were studied, with the average age of first birth as 23.65 years, the average parity as 1.49, the average spacing between first and second child birth as 6.96 years and the average spacing between second and third child birth as 3.98 years. In children under 5 years of age among the surveyed women in 2007-2010, 32.19% of the deaths in children under 5 years of age occurred during infancy while 70.21% of the infant deaths occurred during neonatal period. The mortality rates （1/1000） for newborns, infants and children under 5 years were 6.71‰, 9.55‰,29.67‰ respectively. Infant mortality rate of mother with multiple births was higher than the singletons （X2=6.057, P=0.014）. Parity differences in mortality rate of children under 5 years were significant （X2= 17.469, P〈0.001 ） and interval differences of births on infant mortality rate were also significant （X2=13.137, P=0.001）. Conclusion Fertility of rural women in Shaanxi was in good condition. The proportion that infant death was accounted for the total deaths of children under 5 years had declined, but the neonatal deaths still accounted for a big proportion of infant deaths. Infant mortality rate and mortality rate of children under 5 years old had declined, when compared to the national level in 2000, however, it was still higher than the city level. In terms of the fertility characteristics in women as multiple births, more parity and short spacing of births etc, were important factors of death of their children under 5 years of age.
出处
《中华流行病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期27-30,共4页
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology
基金
基金项目：新世纪优秀人才支持计划（NCET-11-0417）
关键词
婴儿死亡率
5岁以下儿童死亡率
妇女
生育
农村
Infant mortality rate
Mortality rate of children under 5 years
Women
Fertility
Countryside
