摘要
针对焦化污染物的毒性影响,以山西省清徐市某焦化厂为研究对象,通过采样分析、文献调研,构建了焦化厂污染物排放清单,采用生命周期影响评价(LCIA)模型USEtox计算焦化污染物排放的人体及生态毒性影响,对结果进行排序筛选,分析并识别了焦化行业优先污染物、污染优先控制工段以及焦化厂选址对毒性排放的影响,为区域人体健康及生态环境保护提供了科学依据.结果表明,焦化行业排放的人体毒性优先污染物为苯并[a]芘、锌等,生态毒性优先污染物为芘、蒽等;在装煤、焦炉烟囱、推焦和熄焦这4个工段的排放中,有机毒性排放集中于装煤工段,优先污染物为苯并[a]芘、苯、萘、二苯[a,h]蒽等,金属毒性排放集中于熄焦工段,优先污染物为锌、砷、锑、汞等;焦化污染物毒性受排放地区的影响,厂区从城市迁至农村的过程可以大幅降低有机物的毒性影响,但是对于金属毒性的降低并无积极作用,并且会增加农村土壤和水体受重金属污染的风险.
Thesis aims at evaluating and setting priority to human toxicity and ecotoxicity of coking pollutants. A field research and sampling project are conducted in coke plant in Shanxi so as to complete the coke emission inventory. The USEtox model representing recommended practice in LCIA characterization is applied to the emission inventory to quantify the potential impacts on human toxicity and ecotoxicity of emerging pollutants. Priority pollutants, production procedures and effects of changing plant site on the toxicity are analyzed. As conclusions, benzo（a）pyrene, benzene, Zn and As are identified as the priority pollutants in human toxicity, while pyrene and anthracene in ecotoxicity. Coal charging is the dominant procedure for organic toxicity and priority pollutants include benzo （a） pyrene, benzene, naphthalene, etc. While coke drenching is the dominant procedure for metal toxicity and priority pollutants include Zn, As, Ti, Hg etc. Emission to rural environment can reduce the organic toxicity significantly compared to the emission to urban environment. However, the site changing has no effect on metal toxicity and might increase the risk of the metal pollution to rural water and soil.
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期304-312,共9页
Environmental Science
