摘要
通过在武汉市近郊和远郊两个样区进行野外调查与取实地样分析，研究不同设施年限、轮作模式及管理措施等条件下，设施菜地土壤pH与可溶性盐分的变化规律。结果表明：武汉城郊菜地土壤可溶性盐分高于露天土壤，春、冬两季土壤中分别有14．45％和11．54％达到中度盐化程度，总体上呈现盐渍化趋势；其春、冬两季土壤pH分别有50．。0％和55．77％居于6．5～7．5的范围内。土壤剖面结果显示采用地下水灌溉的设施土壤盐分有明显的表聚现象，与土壤80-100cm底层的相比，土壤0—20cm表层的可溶性盐分增加了7．1倍。设施菜地土壤可溶性盐分随年限的延长总体上呈增加趋势，土壤pH的变化则相反；设施年限为1～4a的耕层土壤可溶性盐分增加最明显，春季和冬季分别增加了2．4倍和5．0倍，且设施土壤中Cl-、S0i、NO3-、Ca2＋和HCO3-含量变化是导致土壤可溶性盐分和pH随设施年限变化的重要原因。轮作模式及其管理措施也影响设施菜地耕层土壤pH和可溶性盐分的变化，如地表覆盖可缓解耕层土壤盐分的表聚过程，与设施菜地中无覆盖的土壤相比，地膜覆盖和稻草覆盖的土壤可溶性盐分分别降低了48．52％和65．18％。
The variations of pH and soluble salt in greenhouse soil were studied by the methods of yield inves- tigation and analysis sampling from two suburbs in Wuhan under some different conditions, such as cultiva- ting period, crop rotation mode and management measures. The results showed that the contents of soluble salt in greenhouse soil, which showed a salinization tendency as a whole, were higher than that in open soils in suburbs of Wuhan, and there were 14. 450//oo in spring and 11.54o//oo in winter among the soils where the moderately degree of salt appeared. Moreover, the pH between 6.5~7.5 in those soils sampling in spring and winter were 50.00~//00 and 55.77~, respectively. The results of soil profiles showed the vertical varia- tions of the soluble salt and pH were influenced by the management measures, such as irrigation and mulc- hing. There was an upward phenomenon in the soluble salt in greenhouse soil which irrigated by groundwa- ter. The contents of soluble salt increased by 7.1 times in 0--20 cm top soils compared with that in 80--100 cm sub-soils. The contents of soluble salt in 0--20 cm top soils increased gradually with extending of cultiva- ting periods, but the variation of soil pH was opposite. The contents of C1 , SO42- ,NO3 , Ca2＋ and HCO3- played a important roles in the changes of soil soluble salt and pH with extending of cultivating periods. Compared with that in the open soils in two above seasons, the contents of soluble salt in greenhouse soils during the planting period of 1~4 years enhanced significantly, which increased by 2.4 times in spring and 5.0 times in winter, respectively. The pH and soluble salt in greenhouse top soils were influenced by rota- tion patterns and management measures of greenhouse vegetables. Mulching could slow up the upward move- ment of soluble salt in greenhouse soils. Compared with uncovering greenhouse soils, the soluble salt of mulching with plastic film and rice straw in greenhouse soil decreased by 48.52o//00 and 65.18G, respectively.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期51-56,61,共7页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(41101210)
武汉理工大学国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(20121049708004)
关键词
设施土壤
可溶性盐分
PH
菜地
城郊
greenhouse soil
soluble salt
pH
vegetable field
suburb
