摘要
目的了解广东省市售大米镉含量水平,并对广东省居民来源于大米的镉膳食暴露情况进行初步评估。方法于2012年按照简单随机抽样方法确定样本量,采样范围覆盖全省21个地级市和顺德区,每个地市(区)采集30～50份大米,其中每个地市(区)的采样点包括1个中心城区、2个具有代表性的县城区及其下属各1～2个乡镇,每个采样点在市场、超市、商店、专卖店中随机选择2个以上经营单位采集样品;采集的大米样品依据GB/T 5009.15—2003《食品中镉的测定》方法测定镉含量;采用2002年广东省居民膳食营养与健康状况监测的大米消费量数据,分别计算不同年龄和性别人群对大米的一般消费(P50)和高消费(P97.5)水平下镉的膳食暴露情况。结果共采集广东省各地区市售大米样本1 060份,其镉含量范围为0.000 5～2.100 0 mg/kg,中位数为0.078 0 mg/kg,其中48份大米镉含量超过国家标准(0.2 mg/kg),总体超标率为4.5%;大米镉含量的中位数和超标率在22个地级市(区)间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),以粤北韶关地区的大米镉含量最高,其中位数为0.188 0 mg/kg,超标率为42.0%(21/50);城市和农村的大米镉含量中位数分别为0.075 0和0.083 0 mg/kg,城乡间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对于大米一般消费水平(每人每月大米消费量为9.68 kg)人群,其来自大米的镉膳食平均暴露量是12.59μg/(kg·bw),为暂定每月耐受摄入量[PTMI,25μg/(kg·bw)]的0.50倍,但2～7岁年龄组人群大米镉暴露量则超出PTMI,达到26.07μg/(kg·bw);对大米高消费水平(每人每月大米消费量为17.95 kg)而言,其平均镉膳食暴露量为23.34g/(kg·bw),为PTMI的0.93倍。结论 2012年广东省流通市场的市售大米镉含量总体不高,但有一定比例的超标率(4.5%),个别地区大米镉超标比较严重。从总体上看,广东省居民来源于大米的镉摄入水平是安全的,但需要关注少年儿童和大米高消费人群的潜在风险。
Objective To investigate cadmium contamination in retailed rice in Guangdong Province and make preliminary dietary exposure assessment of cadmium intake. Methods According to simple random sampling method,3050 rice samples were randomly collected from supermarkets,stalls and markets in 21 prefecture-level cities and Shunde District in Guangdong Province in 2012. Cadmium concentrations in samples were examined according to GB / T 5009. 152003. Based on the dietary consumption data from survey of the nutrition and health status among residents in Guangdong in 2002,rice dietary exposure levels of cadmium at general consumption（ P 50） and high consumption（ P 97. 5） were calculated separately for different age and gender groups. Results A total of 1 060 rice samples were collected in various regions of Guangdong Province. Cadmium concentrations ranged from 0. 000 5 to 2. 100 0 mg / kg,the median was 0. 078 0 mg / kg. Cadmium content in 48 samples（ 4. 5%） exceeded the national standard（ 0. 2 mg/kg）. The medians of cadmium in rice and the exceeding stangard rates were staticstically different in the 22 cities or district（ all P 0. 05）. The highest content of cadmium in rice（ median 0. 188 0 mg / kg） and highest exceeding standard rate（ 42. 0%,21 /50） were found in Shaoguan City,The medians of cadmium in rice samples collected in cities and villages were 0. 075 0 and 0. 083 0 mg / kg,respectively（ P 0. 05）. The average monthly intake of cadmium from rice by the total survey population was 12. 59 μg/（ kg·bw）,0. 50 times of the provisional tolerated monthly intake（ PTMI）. Cadmium intake in the children group of 27 years old was 26. 07 μg /（ kg·bw）,exceeding PTMI. For those at the high level（ P 97. 5） of rice consumption,cadmium intake was 23. 34 μg/（ kg·bw）,0. 93 times of PTMI. Conclusion The average concentration of cadmium in retailed rice in Guangdong was not high and the exceeding standard rate was 4. 5%. The rice collected in some cities had higher cadmium content. In general,the cadmium intake from rice by the survey population was safe. More attention should be paid to the dietary cadmium intake for children and those who may consume high level of rice.
出处
《华南预防医学》
2013年第6期4-9,16,共7页
South China Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
广东省食品安全卫生应急技术研究中心基金(粤科函社字[2011]733号)
关键词
大米
镉
食品安全
Rice
Cadmium
Food safety
