摘要
目的 了解普通病房下呼吸道感染病原菌谱及耐药性。方法 对 1990～ 1996年间下呼吸道感染住院患者合格痰标本行细菌学培养 ,阳性菌以 K- B法或两倍稀释法行药物敏感测定。结果 6 2 2 8个痰标本中分离细菌2 6 6 0株 ,阳性率为 39.2 9% ,其中以革兰阴性细菌为主 ,占 70 .75 %。铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌、肺炎杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌居分离菌前 5位 ,分离率分别为 18.0 8%、15 .6 %、11.73%、9.6 6 %、4.96 % ;药敏结果提示铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌、黄杆菌、D群非肠球菌出现多重高比例耐药。革兰阴性杆菌对头孢他啶 (头孢噻甲羧肟 )、亚胺培南、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类较为敏感。革兰阳性菌则对万古霉素高度敏感。结论 近年下呼吸道感染以革兰阴性杆菌为主 ,出现多重耐药。应根据药敏选择抗生素 。
OBJECTIVE To realize the bacterial spectrum and drug resistance in the lower respiratory tract infections of inpatients in general wards. METHODS Qualified sputum specimens from inpatients with lower respiratory tract infections between June 1990 and June 1996 were cultured for bacterial isolation, and the antimicrobial activity tests were determined by K B methods or agar dilution methods. RESULTS Two thousand and six hundred sixty strains, most (70.75%) of which were Gram negative bacillus, were isolated from 6228 sputum specimens, the isolating rate was 39.29%. The 5 most common isolated bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, with isolating rates being 18.08%, 15.6%, 11.73%, 9.66% and 4.96%, respectively. Except that all the Staphylococcus spp were sensitive to vancomycin, all the other isolated strains showed resistance to all the agents tested in different levels, also the multidrug resistance emerged. Imipenem, ceftazidime, amikacin and ciprofloxacin are the relatively active against the Gram negative bacillus. CONCLUSIONS In recent years, Gram negative bacilli have become the major pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections with multidrug resistance in high levels. In clinical therapy, sensitive antibiotics should selected based on the drug sensitive tests, combined with other agents when necessary to accelerate the clearance of bacteria from infectious respiratory tract.
出处
《中华医院感染学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2000年第6期407-409,共3页
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology
关键词
下呼吸道感染
病原菌谱
耐药
感染
Lower respiratory tract
Bacterial spectrum
Antimicrobial susceptibility test
Infection
