摘要
真菌病是农作物减产的主要原因之一。而植物界大量存在着具有离体抑制真菌生长增殖能力的蛋白质 ,核糖体失活蛋白 (RIP ,ribosomeinactivatingprotein)就是其一。它能特异地水解核糖体RNA 3′ 端茎环结构的腺嘌呤残基而导致核糖体失活 ,进而抑制蛋白合成。但它却不使自身的核糖体失活 ,只对其它物种核糖体显示高度特异性 ,这显然具有防止外来病原体侵染的功能。利用基因工程技术 ,使其在一些经济作物中高效表达 ,筛选具有抗性的转基因植株 ,这正日益成为植物真菌病防治的新途径。它克服了常规育种周期长 ,抗性种质缺乏的弊端 ,更避免了施用农药带来的环境污染等问题 ,其应用前景甚为广阔。围绕其在抗真菌病基因工程中的应用 ,本文对核糖体失活蛋白在植物体中的分布、分类、生化、结构、功能特性、作用机制以及应用前景等作简要、全面的阐述。
Fungal disease is one of main reasons on crop losses. At the same time, there are a lot of proteins inhibiting the fungal growth in vitro from plants, to which ribosome inactivating protein(RIP)belongs. It can specificially cleave the glycosidic bond of adenine from the ribosomal RNA of the large subunit and cause complete inaction of the ribosome, hence inhibiting protein synthesis. But it can not inactivate “self” ribosomes, and only shows varying degrees of activity towards ribosomes of distantly related species, including fungal ribosomes, which indicates that it is a defensive agent whose principal function is probably antipathogens. By genetic engineering it can be effectively expressed in some economical crops and such engineered plants may be desirably antidisease, which is becoming a new way to protecting the plant against fungal disease because it avoids not only potentially harming to the environment causing by the application of agrochemicals but also the time\|consuming processes of conventional breeding. In the present study, we briefly and comprehensively elaborated its distribution, classification, biochemical, structural, functional properties, effects on protein synthesis and its perspectives closely focusing on its roles in resistance to fungal disease.
出处
《生物工程进展》
CSCD
2000年第6期74-78,共5页
Progress in Biotechnology
