摘要
胃癌在病理学上是一种具有异质性且恶性程度极高的恶性肿瘤,是危及国人健康的元凶之一。目前关于胃癌的发生机制仍不清楚。通过越来越多的临床、病理、流行病学、基因学研究结果,可以将胃癌分为三大类:近端胃贲门癌、非近端胃癌、弥漫浸润型胃癌,其发病机制和致癌因子各不相同。在中国,大多数胃癌为非近端胃癌,主要发生在远端胃的胃窦、胃角等部位,多为幽门螺杆菌感染所致,其可以通过改变不良生活方式、全民戒烟、改善环境等措施加以预防。对高危人群,应进行年度胃镜检查和活检,按胃黏膜上皮病变程度和性质对患者进行适当的内镜监控和治疗,以期尽早检出早期胃癌并进行根治,防止其进展至晚期胃癌,从而大幅延长患者生存率,提高患者的生活质量。这是一个需要患者与医务人员相互配合、长期坚持的系统工程。
Gastric cancer is heterogeneous in pathology and remains as one of the fetal primary cancers with a high mortality rate in China. Despite the fact that the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer remains elusive, a growing body of evidences in epidemiology, clinicopathology, and molecular pathology accumulated in recent years suggests the existence of 3 types of gastric carcinoma by location ： proximal （ ie, cardia ） , non-proximal, and diffuse type. The risk factors and pathogenesis may vary among the 3 types of gastric carcinoma. In China, the majority of gastric carcinoma are non- proximal, related to Helicobacter pylori infection, and occur primarily in the antrum and angularis incisura. It is known that environmental factors play a critical role in the development of non-proximal gastric carcinoma. Therefore, this type of carcinoma can be effectively prevented by strategies such as public health education and promotion of healthy life styles, national campaign for ban of smoking, and annual upper endoscopy surveillance with biopsy for high-risk population in order to detect early premalignant mucosal lesions and administrating curative management. This requires a close collaboration between heahhcare providers and patients.
出处
《胃肠病学》
2013年第11期641-645,共5页
Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology
关键词
胃肿瘤
一级预防
病理学
临床
Stomach Neoplasms
Primary Prevention
Pathology, Clinical
