摘要
2011年4月-2012年6月，采用样线法和样点法沿城市化梯度调查西安市商业区、居民区、工业区、农田、林地和湿地6种不同生态景观中的鸟类区系和群落组成，从时间和空间尺度上分析城市化程度对西安市鸟类群落的影响。按照不同梯度城市化区域的划分，调查共记录到鸟类171种，隶属于17目38科。其中，古北界、东洋界、广布种鸟类分别为50种、39种、25种；在居留型上夏候鸟35种，冬候鸟32种，留鸟72种，旅鸟31种，迷鸟1种。6种生境中以位于西安市南郊秦岭浅山林地的鸟种最多，共104种；商业区鸟种数量最少，共9种。结果表明，鸟类种数沿着城市化梯度从市中心向外逐渐增多，部分鸟种丰富度减少。城市化对鸟类多样性、丰富度和空间分布等方面具有很大影响。
We surveyed avian communities along a gradient of urbanization in different landscapes using line transect sampling and point-count sampling from April 2011 to June 2012 in Xi＇an City. We surveyed urban （commercial） areas, residential areas, industrial districts, farmlands, woodlands and wetlands, to quantify the impact of urbanization on avian communities on temporal and spatial scales. We recorded a total of 171 bird species of 17 orders and 38 families, 39 oriental species, 50 palaearctic species, and 25 widespread species. 35 species were summer resident, 32 species were winter resident, 72 spe-cies were resident, 31 species were passage migrants and 1 species was a vagrant. Among the 6 types of habitat, 104 species occurred in woodland in the southern suburbs at the north foot of Qinling Mountains, and 9 species were recorded in urban are-as. The number of bird species increased along the gradient of urbanization from city centre to suburbs, in contrast to reduced abundance of some species. Urbanization exerted a great negative impact on avian diversity, richness and spatial distribution in Xi＇an city.
基金
陕西师范大学国家级大学生创新性实验计划项目(1110718011)
关键词
城市化
鸟类多样性
生态景观
西安市
Urbanization
Avian diversity
Ecological landscape
Xi＇an City
