摘要
哺乳动物细胞DNA损伤修复的研究近年来已深入到基因水平并取得以下进展:(1)长期以来人们将DNA看成是一个损伤和修复的均一单位,这种观念现已被基因组内损伤的非随机分布和修复的不均一性所代替。这对于深入细致研究细胞突变、癌变、老化和死亡等过程具有重要理论意义,对于阐明放射病发病机理和化学药物毒理也有指导作用;(2)随着分子生物学技术发展,哺乳动物和人的DNA修复基因的分离和克隆已成为可能。现已克隆出十几个修复基因,推进了理论和实际应用研究,但由于DNA修复系统十分复杂,还有大量工作要做;(3)基因转移技术已被有效地用于哺乳动物细胞DNA修复的深入研究,在细胞工程上作出了重要贡献,改变了受体细胞的遗传特性,提高了细胞对物理化学损伤的修复能力。对DNA修复缺陷症的基因治疗已经提到议事日程。
In the recent years the study of DNA damage and repair in themammalian cells has gone deeply at gene level and got the following advances: (1)For a long time DNA has been considered to be an uniform unit in case of damageand repair. Now this concept should be replaced by the non-random distribution ofdamage and heterogenous repair in the genome. These would allow us to study cellu-lar mutagensis, carcinogenesis. aging and dying processes in great detail, and would bebeneficial to the elucidation of mechanisms of radiation sickness and chemical toxico-logy. (2) The advent of new techniques in molecular biology has made it possible toisolate and clone the human DNA repair genes. Up to now more than ten humanDNA repair genes have been cloned and these works would have an important impacton the theoretical and practical study in this field. Because DNA repair system is verycomplicate. voluminous work should be done in the future. (3) The technique of genetransfer has been efficiently used in the study of DNA repair in mammalian cells andhas made great contribution in the cellular engineering. It could modify the geneticbehavior of the gene-accepting cells. and enhance the DNA repair ability to physicaland chemical damages. Human gene therapy for DNA deficient diseases is now on theday.
出处
《辐射研究与辐射工艺学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1991年第4期228-232,共5页
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
关键词
脱氧核糖核酸
损伤
修复
基因
DNA damage and repair
Gene isolation and cloning
Gene transfer
Gene therapy
