摘要
通过连续7年（2003--2010年）的田间定位试验，研究了不同施肥处理[不施肥对照，CK；不施N肥只施PK肥，PK；不施P肥只施NK肥，NK；不施K肥只施NP肥，NP；单施NPK化肥，NPK；单施有机肥（猪粪），M；化肥有机肥配施（化肥有机肥氮各占一半），NPKM]对渭北旱塬富士苹果产量、品质及果园土壤养分含量变化的影响．结果表明：施肥可以提高苹果产量，连续7年不同施肥处理苹果平均产量较对照提高14．4％～63．8％，各处理苹果年平均产量顺序为：NPKM〉NPK≥M〉NP≥NK〉PK〉CK．NPKM、M、NPK处理随着试验时间的推移，果实可溶性糖、维生素c、可溶性固形物含量呈上升趋势，NPKM、M处理不同年际间波动相对较小；NPKM处理糖酸比5年较对照提高了30．9％，维生素C含量提高了17．5％．长期合理施肥有利于提高土壤有机质，NPKM、M处理0—20cm土层有机质含量提高幅度最大，分别提高了28．8％和29．3％．NPK、NPKM、M处理土壤各层速效氮、有效磷、速效钾含量较试验前均有显著提高，NPK处理0～20cm、20～40cm和40～60cm土层速效氮含量分别提高了22．7％、37．3％和53．4％．与NPK处理相比，NPKM处理的土壤速效磷含量提高了18．7％，且不同处理土壤速效磷含量上层显著大于下层．
A 7-year （2003-2010） located field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different long-term fertilization patterns on the Fuji apple yield, quality, and soil fertility on the Weibei Dryland, Shaanxi Province of Northwest China. Seven treatments were installed, i. e. , no fertilization （CK）, inorganic P and K fertilization （PK）, inorganic N and K fertilization （NK）, inorganic N and P fertilization （ NP）, inorganic N, P, and K fertilization （ NPK）, swine manure （M） , and half inorganic N, P, and K combined with haft swine manure （NPKM）. Each treatment had three replications. Fertilization increased the apple yield. The average yield in the 7 years un- der fertilization was increased by 14.4% -63.8% , as compared to the CK. The average yield de- creased in the order of NPKM〉NPK≥M〉NP≥NK〉PK〉CK. In treatments NPKM, M, and NPK, the fruit sugar/acid （S：A） ratio, vitamin C, soluble solid, and hardness tended to be increased with time, with a smaller yearly fluctuation in treatments NPKM and M. In treatment NPKM, the S：A ratio and vitamin C increased by 30.9% and 17.5% , respectively after five years, as com- pared to the CK. Long-term rational fertilization increased the soil organic matter （SOC） content in 0-20 cm layer, with the largest increment in treatments NPKM and M （28.8% and 29.3% , re- spectively）. The soil available N, P, and K contents in all layers in treatments NPK, NPKM, and M increased significantly, and the soil available N content in 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm layersin treatment NPK was increased by 22.7%, 37.3% , and 53.4%, respectively. As compared to treatment NPK, the soil available P content in treatment NPKM was increased by 18.7%. In all fertilization treatments, the soil available P content was significantly higher in upper layer than in lower layer.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第11期3091-3098,共8页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国际植物营养研究所项目(IPNI)资助
关键词
苹果
长期施肥
产量
品质
土壤肥力
apple
long-term fertilization
yield
quality
soil fertility.
