摘要
面对人口、资源与发展等当代一系列重大而紧迫的社会环境问题 ,在地球系统科学思想 (ESS)指导下 ,以国际地圈 生物圈计划 (IGBP)为代表的全球变化 (GC)研究工作相继展开 .2 0世纪 90年代中期 ,以IGBP新的核心项目“海岸带海陆相互作用研究”(LOICZ)的建立为标志 ,海岸海洋代表了当代对海岸的新认识 ,并成为全球变化研究的关键地区 .加之 ,“联合国海洋法公约”正式实施 ,迫切需要建立新的国际海洋秩序 .因此 ,2 0世纪末 ,海岸海洋科学 (COS)在世界范围内兴起 ,并与全球变化研究紧密结合 ,成为 2 1世纪科学研究的热点 .
With population expanding, resources exhausted, environment degenerated, social troubles and so on, a series of huge and urgent global social environmental problems are rushing to us in all kinds of appearances. The conflict between human beings and the natural world is becoming sharper and sharper. The sustainable development of human society is facing the tremendous challenges nowadays. In the middle of the 1980's, according to the Earth System Science(ESS), concentrating on Global Changes, a lot of large scale international cooperative programs have been organized and carried out step by step. Among them, World Climate Research Programme(WCRP), International Geosphere Biosphere Programme(IGBP) and International Human Dimension of Global Environmental Change Programme(IHDP) are the model representatives. In the middle of the 1990's, following the establishment of the new core project of IGBP named “Land Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone(LOICZ)”, coastal ocean area has been put in a multidimensional stereoscopic temporal and spatial crossed net. Focusing on this area of the Earth surface, a relative complete and systemic scientific research body has been set up; thus,coastal ocean area is becoming the key area to the studies on Global Changes in the present day. Furthermore, after the 1982 United Nations Law of Sea Convention went into effects in 1994, broad high sea with an area of 130 million square kilometers will be divided, and given to the countries along coast area in the froms of territorial sea, national exclusive economic zones and so on. Because of the imperious needs of marine territory, marine rights and interests and so on, the establishment of new international marine sequence is urgent. As the result, Coastal Ocean Sciences(COS), which pays special attention to the studies of the area of coastal ocean, as the new upsurge in marine sciences is rising in the world at the end of 20 th century. With the close relationship to the studies on Global Changes, COS is becoming one of the hot scientific research fields in the 21 st century. In the view of the point of Global Changes, coastal ocean shows the new concept of coast in present day, endowing the new definition of coast. Being the transitional area between land and ocean, coastal ocean is characterized distinctly by land and ocean interactions. It extends from coastal plains to the outer edge of the continental slopes and continental rises. It mainly locates in the domain from 200m above and 200m below today's sea level, approximately matching the region that has been alternately flooded and exposed during the sea level fluctuations of the late Quaternary period, and has covered relatively complete zones with land and ocean interactions. Thus, the whole surface of the Earth has been divided into three geomorphologic parts: continental interior, deep ocean(or open ocean) and coastal ocean between them. Coastal ocean area also has some peculiarities. Representatively it has relatively independent natural environments, rapid changes with relative steady periods, rich and colorful ecosystems, and it is an important buffer zone. Moreover, there are abundant resources and dense population, the conflict between human beings and the natural world being much sharper in this area. Thus, it is important to both human society and global biogeochemical cycling. Focusing on coastal ocean area, combined closely with the studies on Global Changes, COS presents the notable compound character. LOICZ as the model representative, the international research on COS shows the wonderful cooperative studies between natural scientists and social scientists. Thus, COS is one of the model brink sciences. China is a large country with a huge population, broad land area, what is more important, it also has extensive marine territory. Its coastal ocean shows several distinct characteristics. The 21 st century is marine century. We should seize the chance, develop what we have done successfully, and stimulate the development of COS in our country dramatically
出处
《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
2000年第6期702-711,共10页
Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）
基金
国家自然科学基金!(4 92 36 12 0 )
