摘要
【目的】为了明确苹果轮纹病的病原葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea(Moug.)Ces.et De Not.)的有性生殖阶段在我国是否发生及在我国苹果主产区的发生情况,【方法】2011年10月至2012年11月,对我国山东等8个苹果主产省市的38个果园进行了调查与采样,对田间发现的子囊孢子通过形态观察、ITS序列的比对进行种类鉴定,并对子囊孢子进行了致病性测定。【结果】在北京、山东、河南、河北、陕西、山西和辽宁7个省市的20个果园的干腐型枯枝上发现了葡萄座腔菌的有性阶段,占调查省份的87.5%,占调查果园的52.6%;致病性测定结果显示,枯枝上形成的葡萄座腔菌的子囊孢子不仅可侵染苹果果实引起果腐,而且可侵染苹果枝条引起枝干溃疡。【结论】葡萄座腔菌的有性生殖在我国苹果主产区果园中发生普遍,子囊孢子不仅是葡萄座腔菌的一种越冬方式,也可以成为引起苹果轮纹病发生的初侵染源,在今后的轮纹病防治中,加强对苹果轮纹病田间干腐型枯枝的处理,将有助于提高病害防治效果。
[Objective]The objective of this study Botryosphaeria dothidea occurs in apple orchards is to determine whether the sexual reproduction of in apple-major producing areas in China. [Method] morphological characteristics and the rDNA-ITS sequence, and the pathogenicity of these ascospores was also tested. [Result]The asci and ascospores of B. dothidea were found in 20 out of 38 orchards （52.6%）, which located in 7 out of 8 （87.5%） provinces and the city including Beijing, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Liaoning provinces. The pathogenicity test showed that the ascospores of B. dothidea produced on dead branches could infect apple fruits and shoots and caused typical symptoms of apple ring rot. [Conclusion]The results suggested that sexual reproduction of B. dothidea occurred commonly in ap ple main production areas in China. The ascospore not only can serve as a form to survive in the winter time but also a primary source of inoculum in disease development. Therefore, sanitation and eradication of the dead shoots with B. dothidea in the orchards can increase the disease control efficacy.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期1005-1010,F0003,共7页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-28)
关键词
苹果轮纹病
葡萄座腔菌
有性生殖
Apple ring rot
Botryosphaeria dothidea
Sexual reproduction
