摘要
【目的】明确果园冬季不同条件下微环境温度差异，为南疆地区果树防寒措施的制定提供技术支持。【方法】基于南疆三县市2009--2012年冬季1月果园不同条件下微环境的温度监测数据，选择平均温度、夜间平均温度、平均最低温度等指标比较果园不同条件下微环境温度差异。【结果】（1）冬季低温条件下，树体冠层距地面越高，温度越高，不同冠层高度间温差在0．4—1．0℃。（2）树干阴面平均温度比阳面低了0．6。1．5℃，但是阴面夜间平均温度比阳面高出0．4-0．7℃。（3）果树枝干覆盖果园可以提高果园温度，高郁闭度果园比低郁闭度果园夜间平均温度提高了0．8～1．5℃。（4）距离防护林100m处、50m处的旬夜间平均温度分别比距离防护林10m处的温度降低了0．7-1．0℃和0．1-0．4℃。（5）冬灌果园夜间平均温度比未冬灌果园高了1．0—1.3℃。【结论】树体不同冠层、不同方位温度存在差异，提高果园郁闭度、进行冬灌、设置防护林均可在一定范围内提高果园温度。该研究结果可应用于预测不同立地条件下果园低温冻害发生的可能性，同时为国内果树防寒措施的制定提供借鉴。
[Objective]The stydy was to explore the orchard micro-environment temperature difference in winter under different conditions and provide technical support for developing anti-cold measures for the southern Xinjiang. [Method]Based on the observed temperature data in January of 2009--2012 in three southern counties ,the average temperature, the average temperature at night, the average minimum temperature and so on were compared. [Result]The results showed that： （1）The higher the canopy, the higher the temperature was, and the temperature difference between different canopy height was 0.4 to 1.0 ℃ ; （2） The average temperature of trunk shadyside was lower 0.6 to 1.5 ℃than that of the sunnyside, but the average temperature at night was 0.4 to 0.7 ℃higher. （3） Mulching the orchard with branches of trees increased orchard temperature, and the average temperature of highly closing canopy orchards at nigh in- creased by 0.8 to 1.5 ℃. （4）At 100 m and 50 m distance from shelterbelt, the ten-day average temperature at night of s was lower by 0.7 to 1.0 ℃ and 0.1 to 0.4 ℃ respectively than at 10 m. （5）The average temperature at night of winter irrigation orchards was higher by 1.0 to 1.3 ℃ than that of the not winter irrigation. [Conclusion]In summary, the canopy height and orientations can result in temperature difference. Mulching, winter irrigation and shelterbelt can increase orchard temperature in winter.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期989-993,共5页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
新疆自治区林业科技专项"南疆果园冬季不同条件下微环境温度变化规律的研究"
关键词
果园微环境
南疆
冬季气温
冠层
防护林
Orchard micro-environment
Southern Xinjiang
Winter temperature
Canopy
Shelterbelt
