摘要
目的调查中国妇科门诊40～60岁患者的绝经相关特征。方法2008年3月至9月对中国14家医院妇科门诊40～60岁患者采用统一问卷进行面对面调查。调查其绝经过渡期、出现绝经症状和自然绝经的年龄以及对激素补充治疗的认知程度。结果共有1641例患者完成了问卷调查。进入绝经过渡期、出现绝经症状和自然绝经的年龄分别为（47±4）、（46±4）和（49±3）岁。78．43％（1287／1641）的患者在绝经过渡期存在绝经相关症状，以轻、中度为主；最常见的5种绝经相关症状是乏力（71．48％，1173／1641）、易激动（68．68％，1127／1641）、失眠（67．65％，1110／1641）、骨关节和肌肉痛（64．11％，1052／1641）及潮热（57．90％，950／1641）。在绝经过程的不同亚阶段，出现绝经相关症状的程度不同，以绝经过渡期晚期和绝经后期最为明显，出现中、重度绝经相关症状者分别占59．1％（189／320）和51．1％（291／570）。76．5％（750／981）的患者在月经变化的过程中出现了绝经相关症状，17．5％（172／981）的患者是先有绝经相关症状后发生月经改变，6．0％（59／981）的患者在绝经后才出现绝经相关症状。在到医院就诊的患者中激素补充治疗的知晓率达56．39％（733／1300），信息来源主要是妇产科医师，占54．08％（703／1300）。结论到医院就诊的绝经过渡期患者大部分有绝经相关症状，但以轻、中度为主；尽管大多数妇女是在月经变化的过程中出现绝经相关症状，但仍有一部分妇女是先有绝经相关症状后发生月经改变。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of menopause of Chinese women with the age of 40 -60 years concerning gynecologic clinics in China. Methods From Mar. 2008 to Sept. 2008, a face-to-face questionnaire was conducted in gynecological clinic in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in 14 hospitals in China, which included general demographic data, menstrual change process, climacteric symptoms and knowledge about menopause. Modified Kupperman index were used to evaluate climacteric symptoms during the recent week and awareness of hormonal replacement therapy were studied. Results A total of 1641 women were investigated. The ages of onset of menopause transition, climacteric symptoms and natural menopause were （47 ±4）, （46 ±4）, （49 ±3） years old respectively. Climacteric symptoms could be found in 78.43% （1287/1641） women during menopausal transition, which were mainly mild to moderate symptoms. The top 5 symptoms were fatigue and weakness（71.48%, 1173/1641 ）, irritability （68.68% , 1127/1641 ） , insomnia （67. 65% , 1110/1641 ）, muscle and joint pain （64. 11% ,1052/1641 ） and hot flush （57.90% ,950/1641 ）. The climacteric symptoms were not constant during menopausal transition, usually more severe in late transition and postmenopausal periods, during which the moderate and severe symptoms were 59. 1% （ 189/320 ） and 51.1% （ 291/570 ） respectively. Although most symptoms primarily appeared along with menstruation change, there are about 17.5% （ 172/981 ） patients experienced climacteric symptoms before menstruation change occurrence. There were 56. 39% （733/1300）women had ever heard （mostly from gynecologist） about hormone replacement therapy from Obstetrician and Gynecologist. Conclusions Most of the women during menopausal transition had climacteric symptoms, usually mild and moderate ones. Although most symptoms primarily appeared along with menstruation change, there are other patients＇ experienced climacteric symptoms before menstruation change occurrence.
出处
《中华妇产科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第10期723-727,共5页
Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
关键词
绝经期
绝经后期
疲劳
入睡和睡眠障碍
关节痛
激惹心境
Menopause
Postmenopause
Fatigue
Sleep initiation and maintenancedisorders
Arthralgia
Irritable mood
