摘要
对我国电子垃圾拆解、回收过程造成的重金属及持久性有机污染物(POPs)在大气、土壤与底泥中的污染及其程度进行了较为全面的调查和分析,探讨了其对拆解地区可能导致的食品安全与生态健康危害。结果表明,我国电子垃圾拆解、回收地区受到重金属与POPs的严重污染,而且这些污染物通过呼吸、皮肤暴露和食物摄入等途径进入人体,对从业人员的身体健康和婴幼儿的身体发育造成了严重危害。电子垃圾安全回收、污染修复及复合毒物对人体健康的影响是今后的研究重点。
This paper aims to discuss the environmental pollution and human health hazards resulted from the electronic waste （e-waste） dismantling and recycling processes in China. E-wastes have become one of the fastest growing environmental burdens in China as well as around the world with the development of the IT industry and the short llfe span of electronic products. However, the techniques used for dismantling and recycling e-wastes often remain primitive, with lots of toxic metals and persistent organic pollutants （POPs） released and then absorbed by the air into the environment, which bring about se- rious hazards to human health either directly or indirectly. Therefore, we feel extremely necessary to summarize the environmental problems resulted from the improper e-waste recovery process, in particular, data on the air and soil pollution, plus the sediments in the various e- waste dismantling areas. In this paper we would like to focus our dis- cussion on Guiyu, Guangdong, which has now been rendered into an intensive e-waste recycling site. Comparing e-waste recycling data and strategic guidelines in China with those adopted in other devel- oped countries, we can find that the e-waste recycling sites in China are more severely contaminated by heavy metals and POPs. For ex- ample, the concentrations of toxic metals we have collected in TSP of air samples from China＇ s e-waste recycling sites turn to be much higher than those from other countries in Asia. Most of the above monitored toxic metals in the soil of the recycling areas prove to be higher than the corresponding state-stipulated standards. The high content of POPs comes mainly from the incomplete combustion of e- wastes in the open air and dumping process, which can not only be found in the air, soil and sediments, but Mso can be detected in the food around the e-waste dismantling area. Thus, our investigations suggest that the workers＇ and infants＇ health have been adversely af- fected through inhalation, dermal exposure and oral intake under such high concentrations of toxic chemicals. Some other studies also demonstrate that the concentration of Pb and Cd in children＇ s blood also prove to be higher than those in the contrast groups, which tends to lead their temperament unstable and unsettled. Seeing the situa- tion, our government has recently begun to take measures to cope with the problem, and brought about some regulations and laws con- cerning the e-waste recycling. However, a long way for us to go and fully effective measures and steps are needed to take before making the e-waste recycling safe and secure in the future.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期122-128,共7页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
NSFC-广东联合基金项目(U1133006)
关键词
环境学
电子垃圾
重金属
持久性有机污染物
环境污染
人体健康
environmentalology
electronic-waste （e-waste）
heavymetal
persistent organic pollutants
environmental pol-Xution
human health
