摘要
该文以黑龙江五营林区为主要对象 ,通过对阔叶红松林及其次生类型结构特征和动态变化的分析 ,研究退化生态系统的恢复途径和可持续经营措施 .阔叶红松林是小兴安岭地区最典型和最稳定的植被类型 ,但其面积和蓄积都在迅速减少 ,显著的特性是通过优势树种红松的世代更替及其与阔叶树种的相互更替 ,维持群落的周期性波动和稳定结构 ,经营上应采取保护措施 .硬阔叶林是阔叶红松林破坏后所形成的次生林 ,在一些地区成为杨桦林向阔叶红松林恢复的中间途径 ,具有广泛的代表性 .次生硬阔叶林稳定性小 ,尤其是那些由硬阔叶树形成的纯林更是生长速度慢 ,更新不良 ,结构不合理 ,必须采取有效的恢复途径 ,减缓退化 ,实现可持续经营 .杨桦林是最典型的次生软阔叶林 ,具有十分广泛的分布 .杨树和桦树都是生长速度快的强阳性树种 ,阔叶红松林一经破坏 ,它们首先占据采伐和火烧迹地 ,迅速成林 .然而 ,这些树种材质不良 ,群落结构单一 ,生产力低下 ,极易被其它树种所代替 ,所以要迅速调整杨桦林结构 ,采取恢复和重建措施 ,发展阔叶红松林 .至于非地带性植被云冷杉林和落叶松林等采取维持措施 。
The main study site is in Wuying forest area of Northeast China. Based on the analysis of structure features and dynamic changes of the Broadleaved Korean pine forests and its secondary forest types, this paper studied the restoration ways for the degraded forest ecosystem and sustainable management. Broadleaved Korean pine forest is the most typical and stable vegetation type of the region, but its area and stocking have been decreased over the whole distributing regions owing to the long term over cuttings since recent 50 years. Broadleaved Korean pine forest is the zonal vegetation type. It keeps stable through the generation replacement of the different aged trees and the succession between different species. Conservation should be a better way for the management of this kind of forest. The secondary hardwood forest was formed after the cutting or fire of the virgin Broadleaved Korean pine forest. It is less stable, especially the pure forest type dominated by only one species is degrading seriously under the natural condition. So the restoration should be considered in the management. The secondary popular and birch forest is the pioneer community after the Broadleaved Korean pine forest. But it is simple in composition and unstable in structure. Restoration and rehabilitation should be considered when the forest is managed. In short, the forest structure must be adjusted in order to restore the degraded ecosystem and to manage the forest sustainably.
出处
《北京林业大学学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2000年第4期25-34,共10页
Journal of Beijing Forestry University
基金
南京中医药大学科学技术发展基金重点项目! ( 9990 10 7)
关键词
红松
林区
生态系统
森林经营
小兴安岭
Korean pine, structure, restoration, ecosystem, forest management
