摘要
本文对滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)、藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana)和猕猴毛耳亚种(Macacamulatta lasiota)中与咀嚼有关的48项骨学特征作了比较,试图探讨它们在功能与形态及行为方面的相关关系。对所得变量进行了多变量统计分析,齿弓对称性分析及咀嚼能力分析。结果表明:滇金丝猴与猕猴属具有不同的下颌形状。前者齿弓对称性比后者好,且具有更强的咀嚼能力;藏酋猴的咀嚼能力远较毛耳猴接近滇金丝猴;咬碎坚果的能力与咀嚼能力大小相反。在下颌发育中有异速生长现象。据此对食性的推测与已有的野外观察资料相符。
This paper dealt with the comparative study on the morphological features of masticatory apparatus. 48 variables were measured from 40 skulls in four groups, Rhinopithecus bieti, Macaca mulatta lasiota, and adult and juvenile Macaca thibetana. All the variables and some combinations of them were exploited to study the relationships among behaviour, function and morphology etc. The results of clustering analysis show that thirteen index-like variables can separate golden monkeys from macaques, but the juvenile Macaco thibetana is quite different from all the adult groups.
In Rhinopithecus bieti, the right side of the dental arch is larger than the left, and in adult macaques the left larger, in juvenile macaques, the right larger. However, there is not a significant difference between the left and the right side of the dental arches in any of the 4 groups. The decreasing sequence of symmetry index is from the adult Macaca thibetana to Rhinopithecus bieti, Macaca mulatta lasiota and juvenile Macaca thibetana.
A regression reveals that nearly 70% of the variables significantly related to the skull weight. An ANOVA suggests that adult groups differ from one another above a significant level. And a Duncan multiple comparison shows that: 11 variables between Macaca mulatta lasiota and Rhinopithecus bieti, 12 between R. bieti and M. thibetana, 12 between M. m. lasiota and M, Ihibetana are different above a significant level.
It follows the sequences that (1) Macaca thibetana>( 2 ) Macaca mulatta lasiota>(3) Rhinopithecus bieti>(4) juvenile Macaca thibetana in respect of masticatory force, and (3)>(2)>(1)>(4) in respect of mandibular robust. Rhinopithecus bieti use the force the most efficiently for mastication. From all of these, we find (3) > (1) >(2) >(4) in respect of masticatory capacity. All the morphological data mentioned above result in that the four groups have different diets from each other, especially between golden monkeys and macaques. This coincides with the field observation data on diets. Such results indicate that there is strong relationship between the diet and the morphology of the mandibles, and that to deduce the palcoenvironment from the morphology of the masticatory apparatus may be possible.
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目
关键词
滇金丝猴
藏酋猴
猕猴
咀嚼装置
Masticatory apparatur, Morphological features, Rhinopithecus bieti, Macaco thibetana, M. mulatto lasiota
