摘要
岩溶储层是中国海相含油气盆地重要的储层类型之一。本文基于塔里木盆地岩溶储层的实例研究,指出岩溶储层的储集空间以缝洞为主,缝洞可以发育于潜山区,也可以发育于内幕区,具不同的地质背景和成因。据此,将岩溶储层细分为四个亚类,其中,潜山(风化壳)岩溶储层又可根据围岩岩性的不同细分为灰岩潜山岩溶储层和白云岩风化壳储层两个次亚类。潜山(风化壳)岩溶储层发育于潜山区,与中长期的角度不整合面有关,准层状分布,峰丘地貌特征明显;层间岩溶储层和顺层岩溶储层发育于内幕区,前者与碳酸盐岩层系内部中短期的平行(微角度)不整合面有关,准层状分布,后者与潜山周缘的斜坡背景有关,环潜山周缘呈环带状分布,与不整合面无关;受断裂控制岩溶储层主要发育于内幕区,分布于断裂发育区,尤其是背斜的核部,与不整合面无关,受断裂控制导致缝洞发育跨度大,沿断裂呈栅状分布。岩溶储层的细分方案突破了岩溶储层只分布于潜山区的传统认识,使岩溶储层勘探由潜山区向内幕区拓展,对中国海相含油气盆地碳酸盐岩油气勘探具重要的指导作用。
Karst reservoirs were very important explorational target in China marine hydrocarbon-bearing basins. Based on the cases studies of karst reservoir from Tarim basin, it could be concluded that porespaee, which was mainly composed of rug, cavern and solution fissure with different geological background and origins, could distributed in the area of carbonate hills and carbonate interstratum. According to the distribution of porespace, karst reservoirs could be divided into four types, in which, buried hill （weathering crust）karst reservoir could be divided into two subtypes as limestone buried hill karst reservoir and dolomite crust karst reservoir. Buried hill（ weathering crust）karst reservoirs developed in area of buried carbonate hill which were related to mid-long term angle uncomformity with intensive terrain relief while interstratum karst reservoir and bedding karst reservoir developed in area of interstratum with minor terrain relief. Interstratum karst reservoir was related to short-mid disconformity within carbonate sequence with bedded distributional characteristics while bedding karst reservoir was related to slope geological background with circle-rimmed distributional characteristics around carbonate hill. Fault-related karst reservoir mainly developed in area of interstratum, especially in the core of anticline and porespace developed along fault. Tradditional karst reservoirs give the way to the subdivision of karst reservoirs which expand the explorational realm for karst reservoirs. The explorational realm has been stretched from carbonate hill into carbonate interstratum which would play important roles for hydrocarbon exploration in China marine carbonate basins.
出处
《岩石学报》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第9期3213-3222,共10页
Acta Petrologica Sinica
基金
国家油气专项(2011ZX05004-002)资助
关键词
塔里木盆地
岩溶储层
潜山区
内幕区
Tarim Basin
Classification of Karst Reservoirs
Carbonate Hill reservoirs
Carbonate Interstratum reservoirs
