摘要
选取贵州黄壤长期定位监测点中对照(CK,不施肥)、单施全量有机肥(M,30555 kg·hm-2)、有机肥与化肥配施(NPKM,年施N 165 kg·hm-2、P2O582.5 kg·hm-2、K2O82.5 kg·hm-2、有机肥30555 kg·hm-2)和氮磷钾化肥配施(NPK,年施N 165 kg·hm-2、P2O582.5 kg·hm-2、K2O 82.5 kg·hm-2)4个处理的16年试验数据进行分析,研究了黄壤区长期不同施肥下作物产量及肥料效益的变化趋势,为评价和建立长期施肥模式、促进粮食持续生产提供依据.结果表明:长期施肥条件下玉米产量年际间变化较大,总体呈上升趋势.其中NPKM处理增产效果最好,可增产4075.71 kg·hm-2,增产率高达139.3%.长期施肥可提高玉米肥料利用率,其中M处理对玉米氮肥和磷肥利用率的提升作用最显著,分别达35.4%和18.8%;而NPK处理在提高玉米钾肥利用率方面作用明显,提高了20%,远高于M处理的8.7%和NPKM处理的9.2%.可见,长期均衡施肥,尤其是有机肥与化肥配施对提高作物产量和肥料效益具有积极作用.
An analysis was made on the 16-year experimental data from the long term fertilization experiment of maize on a yellow soil in Guizhou of Southwest China. Four treatments, i. e. , no fer- tilization （CK）, chemical fertilization （165 kg N ~ hm-2, 82.5 kg P2 05 ＂ hm-2, and 82. 5 kg K20. hm-2, NPK）, organic manure （30555 kg ~ hm-z, M）, and combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure （NPKM） , were selected to analyze the variation trends of maize yield and fertilizer use efficiency on yellow soil under effects of different long term fertilization modes, aimed to provide references for evaluating and establishing long term fertilization mode and promote the sustainable development of crop production. Overall, the maize yield under long term fertilization had an increasing trend, with a large annual variation. Treatment NPKM had the best yield-increasing effect, with the maize yield increased by 4075.71 kg ~ hm-2 and the increment be- ing up to 139.2%. Long term fertilization increased the fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize. In treatment M, the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rates were increased significantly by 35.4% and 18.8%, respectively. Treatment NPK had obvious effect in improving potassium utilization rate, with an increment of 20% and bein~ far higher than that in treatments M （8.7%） and NPKM （9.2%）. The results showed that long term fertilization, especially the combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure, was of great importance in increasing crop yield and fertil- izer use efficiency.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第10期2793-2798,共6页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合NY字[2012]3082号
黔科合院所创能[2011]4002号)资助
关键词
长期施肥
黄壤旱地
玉米
肥料利用率
long term fertilization
upland yellow soil
maize
fertilizer utilization rate.
