摘要
目的研究新密地区6岁儿童对结核病的免疫应答和自然感染情况，以获得其在出生时的卡介苗接种率、卡痕率、结素强阳性率等指标，从而采取相应的补救和预防措施，以求降低结核病的发病率和遏制结核病。方法（1）市结防所监测6岁儿童结核病相关免疫力（观察卡痕，注射PPD，48—72h观察反应，并作好记录）；（2）无免疫力的儿童补种卡介苗；（3）PPD强阳性儿童（PPD直径≥15mm或有水泡者）到结防机构排查结核病，结核病患者纳入规划治疗，排除者预防服药（异烟肼＋利福喷丁／每周用药2次，连服3～6个月），防止其以后发病（化学隔离）。结果（1）免疫应答率逐年增长，1996年是19．0％，2010年已达到56．7％；（2）卡痕率逐年增长，1996年313％逐步提高到2010年的92．7％；（3）接种卡介苗产生的阳性卡痕率逐年增长，1996年的42．8％逐步提高到2010年的98．2％；（4）PPD强阳性率逐年下降，1996年强阳性率3．0％，到2010年已是2．1％；（5）本组儿童结核病患病率由1996年的83／10万下降到2010年的零发病。结论控制结核病，从儿童抓起，这是我国结核病控制的一项基本政策。对学龄前儿童进行结核病监测，做到有病早治，无病早防，对降低结核病的发病有一定的促进作用。
Objective To study the immune response to TB and TB natural infection of 6-year-old children in Xinmi region, in order to gain the indicators of BCG vaccination rate at birth, BCG scar rate and PPD strong-positive rate, thus take appropriate remedial and preventive measures to reduce the incidence of TB,control and eliminate TB. Methods （1） The TB associated immunity of all 6-year-old children were monitored in the antituberculosis institute of Xinmi（observing BCG scar for TB skin test and PPD response within 48-72h and making record）. （2）The children who did not produce immune response were given BCG vaccination again. （3） The children with PPD strong-positive （the diameter of PPD was more than or equal to 15ram or there were the blisters in PPD reaction） were detected TB in the organization for TB. The children with TB were treated formally, and the children without TB were took disease- prevention medication （taking isoniazid and rifapentine twice a week for 3-6 months） in order to prevent its later onset（chemical isolation）. Results （1）In 6-year-old children, the immune response rate of TB showed an increasing trend, that in 1996 was 19.0%, while thatin 2010 was 56.7%; （2）The BCG scar rate showed an increasing trend, that in 1996 was 31.3%, while that in 2010 was 92.7%; （3）The positive BCG scar rate showed an increasing trend, that in 1996 was 42.8%, while that in 2010 was 98.2%; （4）The PPD strong-positive rate showed a declining trend, that in 1996 was 3.0%, while that in 2010 was 2.1%; （5）The incidence of TB was from 83/10 million in 1996 to zero in 2010 with a declining trend. Conclusion TB control from children is a basic policy for TB control in China. The TB monitor for the preschool children is necessary for preventing and treatmenting TB as early as possible, that plays a certain role in reducing the incidence of TB.
出处
《中国医药科学》
2013年第19期75-77,共3页
China Medicine And Pharmacy
基金
国家十二五重大传染病科技专项(2013ZX10003004-002-007)
关键词
结核
肺
预防和控制
儿童防治
Pulmonary
Tuberculosis
Prevention and control
Children prevention
