摘要
全面综述了对黄胸鼠 (Rattusflavipectus)的研究进展。①黄胸鼠是我国三大家栖鼠种之一 ,体型中等 ,属东洋界种类。在我国已由主要栖息长江流域及其以南地区扩展到广大的北方地区 ,并在北方部分地区种群数量不断上升。发达的交通是其由南方扩展至北方的重要途径 ,全球变暖为其在北方种群增长提供了条件。在南方部分地区 ,黄胸鼠的优势地位则被其他鼠所取代。住房结构的改变使黄胸鼠适生环境改变 ,是其种群下降的主要原因。②西南地区黄胸鼠大量栖息野外 ,在野外的比例南方比北方要大。一般仍以家栖为主 ,在野外栖息数量较少。③黄胸鼠的食量较大 ,以植物性食物为主 ,主要在夜间活动和取食。④黄胸鼠在南方可终年繁殖 ,在北方冬季基本不繁殖。随着纬度的增高 ,黄胸鼠的繁殖高峰由双峰逐渐变为单峰 ,这一趋势决定了其种群波动也有相似的规律。⑤黄胸鼠具 2 1对染色体 ,分别为 13对端或亚端着丝粒染色体 ,7对中着丝粒染色体 ,和 1对端着丝粒性染色体。⑥已知人类有 10多种传染疾病的传播与黄胸鼠有关。⑦化学防治黄胸鼠应选择抗凝血灭鼠剂 ,并讲究投饵方法。
The buff breasted rat,which distributes in southeast Asia and China,is one of most important pests in China. The animal not only causes the damage on property,but also is related to many human infection diseases. This paper reviewed the existing data about the species in China,in terms of morphology,taxonomy,geographical distribution,behavior,population ecology,physiology and the control. The buff breasted rat is mainly distributed in south China,and the population density of the rat is high in the south and low in the north. The rat's northern most distribution is at 40°N. The temperature is one of the important factors that restrict the distribution of the animals. The suitable temperature range for the animals is 25-30℃. Therefore,the warming climate is perhaps most important reason for the spreading and the increase of the population densities of the rats in north China. Moreover,the traffic development is also responsible for the spreading of the animals. The changes of house structure cause the decrease of the population densities of the rats in south China. The rats in south China inhabit both in the buildings and on the farmland. However,the rats in north China mainly inhabit in the buildings. This phenomenon perhaps relates to the differences of the climate between the north and the south. Its breeding characteristics are also different between the north and the south. In the south,it breeds all year around and has two main breeding seasons. But it has only one breeding season in the north. Its population fluctuations result from breeding status. The chromosome diploid number is 2n=42,containing 13 pairs of telocentrics or subtelocentrics,7 pairs of smaller metacenteic and XY sex chromosomes. There are some disbutes on its taxonomy. It is considered generally that the species has two subspecies in China, R.flavipectus yunnauensis and R.flavipectus flavipectus . Some scholars,however,insisted that the two subspecies should be considered as two species. Others even considered that the differences of the animals distributing all over China are not enough to divide the animal into two subspecies. Based on the present available literature,the animal is related to more than 10 human infection diseases in China. Changing the house structure is one of efficient ways to manage the animals. Anticoagulants are suggested to be used to control the animal.
基金
国家科技攻关子专题!(96 -0 0 5 -0 1-0 6 )
中国科学院"九.五"重大项目!"重要害虫害鼠成灾机理及其持续控制" (KZ95 1-B1-10 6
关键词
黄胸鼠
生物学特性
中国
形态分类学
栖息习性
Buff breasted rat ( Rattus flavipetus )
Biological characteristics
Ch<
