摘要
目的寻找适用于野外作业、边防部队巡逻时针对蚂蟥的个人防护措施与驱避药物并观察其驱避效果。方法对西藏林芝地区的蚂蟥,即斑纹山蛭[Haemadipsa zeylanica zeylanica(Moquin-Tandon,1826)]进行危害调查,同时选择药物做现场驱避与杀灭效果试验观察。采取人体引诱捕捉蚂蟥,计算密度;采用回顾性调查与心理学问卷相结合的方式,了解部队人员受蚂蟥侵害状况;采用药物现场试验评价药物对蚂蟥的驱避率和致死率。结果与结论初步鉴定西藏林芝地区蚂蟥种类为斑纹山蛭。吡啶生物碱、苦参碱和联苯菊酯3种药物对蚂蟥的驱避均有效;用药对作训服进行喷雾处理后,与对照相比,用药人员对蚂蟥的驱避率分别为87.2%,74.4%和66.7%;30 min后对吡啶生物碱、苦参碱处理组的衣物上附着的蚂蟥进行观察,24 h死亡率分别为100%和50%。以吡啶生物碱防治蚂蟥效果最佳,具有较好的开发前景。
Objective To observe the field protective effect of chemical control repellents on land-leeches.Methods A field study was conducted in Nyingchi of Tibet in August,2011.Land-leeches were trapped by human body bait and their density was calculated.A control study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of three repellents in protecting individual soldiers from land-leeches in the field.Also,an inquiry survey was conducted to clarify the harm and disturbance of landleeches to soldiers in Nyingchi.Results and Conclusion Land-leeches in Nyingchi were classified as Haemadipsa zeylanica zeylanica.The density of land-leeches was 7.1 per 15min per human body in the study field.The repelling rate of pyridine alkaloid was 87.2%,that of matrine of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis（RSF） was 74.4% and that of bifenthrin was 66.7%.The death rate of land-leeches was 100% 24 h after pyridine alkaloid was sprayed,and 50% 24 h after oxymatrine of RSF was sprayed.Moreover,70% of the soldiers were scared of land-leeches,61% reported being bitten by land-leeches,all soldiers had ever been bitten during field work.
出处
《军事医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第8期612-614,共3页
Military Medical Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81172730)
全军医药卫生科研基金资助项目(10MA041)
关键词
西藏
林芝
旱蚂蟥
危害
化学驱避剂
吡啶类
苦参碱
除虫菊酯类
Tibet
Nyingchi
land-leeches
danger
chemical control repellent
pyridines
matrine
pyrethrins
