摘要
目的了解绍兴市部分公共场所集中空调污染特征及相关人群感染水平。方法根据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》,随机抽取绍兴市2006-2010年大型酒店、宾馆、商场、超市、医院、证券公司、写字楼等公共场所的集中空调通风系统和冷却塔水;抽取相应公共场所健康工作人员520人(接触组)和非从事公共场所行业的健康人群(对照组)511人,分别进行卫生学调查和人群血清学检测。结果空调送风中积尘量、细菌总数均值超标,2006年中等污染为70%,严重污染为30%,2010年中等污染为75%,严重污染为25%。2009年110份冷却塔水军团菌检出率为67.3%(74/110),74份水样中分离到90株军团菌,血清型别多样化,但以1型嗜肺军团菌(LP1)为主,同1份水样同时检出2个或3个型别的占总检出水样的17.6%(13/74)。接触组血清中军团菌感染的阳性率为14.9%,对照组4.8%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义。(χ2=23.29,P<0.01)。结论该市公共场所中央空调通风系统微生物污染严重,军团菌广泛存生于公共场所空调冷却塔,血清型别多样化,对人群健康构成潜在威胁,需要引起重视以防军团菌病的暴发流行。
Objective To understand the pollution characteristics of central air condition systems of public places and their infection prevalence among relevant population in Shaoxing city. Methods According to 〈Specifieation for Hygienic Management of Central Air-condition Ventilation System of Public Places〉, central air condition ventilation systems and the water samples from large-scale air-condition cooling towers of public places including grand hotels, shopping centers, hospitals, security exchange and office buildings were chosen in Shaoxing city in 2006-2010 for the test of sanitary condition. A total of 520 healthy staff exposed to this environment was selected for the test of legionella antibody with another 511 from general population as controls. Results The average amount of duct dust, bacteria, and fungi seriously exceeded the national standards. 70% of the central air condition ventilation systems were moderately polluted, and 30% were the severely polluted in 2006. In 2010, 75% were moderately polluted and 250% were severely polluted. In 2009, legionella bacteria were detected in 74 out of 110 samples from water cooling towers, counted up to 67.3%%. Among 74 water samples, 90 legionella bacteria groups were isolated. Serological types were diversified, mainly were legionella pneumophila（LP1）. In a total of 74 positive samples, 13 samples, in which 2 or 3 types were simultaneously detected in same one sample, counted up to 17.6% （13/74）. The serological prevalence of legionella pneumophila antibodies of the exposed group was 14.87% and that of the control group was 4. 81% （X^2= 23.29, P % 0.01）. Conclusions The central air-condition systems in public places of Shaoxing city are severely polluted by micro bacteria, and legionella widely exists in the water from cooling towers. Serological types are diversified which would be the potential threat to the health of population. Close attention should be paid in preventing the outbreak of diseases caused by legionella bacteria.
出处
《工业卫生与职业病》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期269-272,共4页
Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases
基金
绍兴市科技计划项目(2010A23009)
关键词
公共场所
中央空调
污染特征
人群感染
Public places
Central air conditionsystem
Pollution characteristics
Infection to population
