摘要
文章对成都、重庆一带十六个西南官话方言点的声调进行类型学考察。西南官话声调少,格局相对简单,内部一致性较强,但困难之处在于如何处理阳平和去声,谁是纯低调。这是对普适声调类型库的一大挑战,所以很具理论意义。文章先根据声学资料描写十六个方言点的基频走向,然后在分域四度标调制和普适声调库的框架中概括出两大声调格局:成都格局和重庆格局。前者的去声低凹拱形为纯低调,声调格局为"高低降降"。后者的阳平低降拱形是纯低调,四声格局为"高低升降"。最后根据声调类型的特征对这些方言点的材料进行定量的聚类分析,所得结果与定性分析相符。这证实我们选用阳平调头和去声调尾来确定何者为纯低调的判断标准是合宜的。
This paper examines the typological tonal types, or tonotypes, of 16 varieties of Southwest Mandarin in the Chengdu（成都） and Chongqing（重庆） areas. The Chengdu（成都）-Chongqing（重庆） Mandarins represent a simple tonal system which has four tonal categories： T1a（yinping（ 阴平）, T1b（yangping（ 阳平））, T2（shangsheng（上声）） and T3（qusheng（去声） ））. The typological difficult thing here involves T 1 b and T3： which one of them should be classified as the pure low tone（PLT）. This is an important theoretical issue challenging the establishment of the universal tone inventory. Based on the processed F0 data from the 16 Mandarin varieties, two tonal patterns, Chengdu（成都） and Chongqing（重庆）, have been identified in the light of the Multi--Register and Four Level Model and the universal tone inventory. For the Chengdu（成都） pattern, T3, which is characterized by the low-dipping contour, is the PLT; and for the Chongqing（重庆） patter, Tlb, which has a low-falling contour, is the PLT. The Chengdu（成都） pattem is characterized by four features： [high, low, falling-h （and） falling-1], and the Chongqing（重庆） pattern, by [high, low, rising （and） falling]. In addition, a cluster analysis of the acoustic data is conducted to test whether the quantitative study is consistent with the qualitative study. The result supports the previous conclusion that the head of Tlb and the tail of T3 are the main clue to define the PLT, thus to determine the two tonal pattems of Chengdu（成都） and Chongqing（重庆）.
出处
《语言研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第4期1-11,共11页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
基金
香港科技大学"School-Based Initiatives Grant"(SBI13HS04)
香港科技大学"School-Based Initiatives Grant"(FSGRF13HSS02)
关键词
声调类型
成渝官话
纯低调
方言分区
Tonotypes
Chengdu（成都）-Chongqing（重庆） Mandarins
Pure low tone
Dialectal sub-grouping
