摘要
将传统的灌溉水量在作物间的优化分配模型和建立的渠系工作制度多目标优化模型与地理信息系统相集成,提出了基于空间决策支持系统的灌区灌溉用水优化配置的新方法.综合考虑了灌区内作物、土壤、气象站点、渠系布置的空间差异、年季间气象以及作物不同生育阶段对应参数的时间差异.与传统优化方法相比,该方法可根据管理者对优化精度的要求,灵活选择优化尺度,同时,简化了求解时空优化配水问题的繁琐程度,结果表现形式更加丰富.在此基础上建立的空间决策支持系统界面友好,运行效率高,可移植性和通用性强.经实例验证,优化后的配水方案与原配水方案相比较,灌溉总用水量减少29.6%,产量增加24.3%,水分生产率提高0.5 kg/m3,灌溉净效益增加16.8%.优化后配水方案具有将有限的水资源向经济价值较高作物转移的趋势.该方法为灌区灌溉用水优化配置提供了新思路.
The optimization of allocation of water in irrigation districts is very important for improving irrigation water management and alleviating the pressure of irrigation water availability as well as main- taining agricultural sustainability. Therefore, a new method was proposed to optimize allocation of wa- ter in irrigation districts by combining the traditional optimization method, in which the model for opti- mal allocation of water among different crops is used, and the optimization model with a multi-objective function for canal scheduling as well as GIS. In this method, the spatial difference in crop, soil, me- teorological station and canal network pattern and the temporal difference in water required by corps in various growth stages. Compared with the traditional optimization method, in the new method the num- ber of optimization variables can be chosen flexibly according to the accuracy of optimization by an irri- gation district manager. As a result of this, not only the optimization of allocation of water in irrigation districts was simplified but its results can be displayed in various ways. The decision support system foroptimization allocation of water established here has a friendly interface and high computational effi- ciency ; further, it is transplantable and universal. The results of a case study have shown that the wa- ter productivity, crop yield and irrigation net benefit are increased by 0.5 kg/m3 , 24.3% , 16.8% , respectively, while the irrigation water volume is reduced by 29.6% after optimization. Additionally, a tendency that the limited water resources are allocated to high-value crops was shown in the optimized allocation of water. This approach provides a new way for spatial and temporal allocation of water in ir- rigation districts.
出处
《排灌机械工程学报》
EI
北大核心
2013年第3期259-264,共6页
Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering
基金
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD25B07)
水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201201025)
关键词
灌溉用水
优化配置
时空差异
空间决策
灌区管理
irrigation water distribution
optimization
teinporal-spatial varieties
spatial decision
irrigation management
