摘要
目的了解狂犬病发病潜伏期及其影响因素，为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用生存分析方法对广西桂林市2004—2011年249份狂犬病个案资料就潜伏期及其影响因素进行分析。结果桂林市狂犬病发病潜伏期最短1d，最长3650d，中位数51d，中位数的95％可信区间为42．7—59．3d，潜伏期的四分位数间距为69d。单因素分析发现暴露方式、伤口部位、伤口处理以及暴露后有无免疫接种与狂犬病发病的潜伏期有关。动物主动攻击、伤口位于头面部、医生处理的伤口和暴露后接受免疫接种的潜伏期短。利用Cox比例风险模型分析发现，只有伤口部位和暴露后有无免疫接种是影响潜伏期的因素。头面部伤潜伏期最短，下肢伤次之，上肢伤最长。暴露后免疫接种的潜伏期明显比没有免疫接种的短。结论影响狂犬病发病潜伏期的因素可能是攻击动物感染狂犬病病毒的状况及其毒力、受伤人的抗感染能力和免疫接种的时机与效力。建议注意攻击动物的状况，并及时免疫接种。
[ Objective] To understand the rabies incubation period and its influencing factors, and provide scientific evidence for developing control measures. [ Methods ] The rabies incubation period and its influence factors were analyzed according to 249 questionnaires of rabies in Guilin City from 2004-2011 by using survival analysis method. [ Results] The median incubation period of rabies was 51 days, 95% CI （42.7,59.3） days, ranging from 1-3 650 days. Interquartile of incubation period was 69 days. Single variable analysis showed that the exposed way, the gite of wound, the wound treatment and inoculation after exposure were related to the rabies incubation period. The incubation period~ of cases with animal initiative attack, hurt on head or face, wound treatment by doctor, inoculation after exposure were shorter significantly than those of their corresponding ways. Cox model analysis showed that the wound treatment and inoculation after exposure were the real factors influencing latent period. The incubation periods of cases with wound on head or face was the shortest. The incubation period of cases with inoculation after exposure was shorter significantly than that of no inoculation after exposure. [ Conclusion] The virus infection of attack animals, the anti-infected abilities of wounded persons, the opportunity and effect of inoculation are the influencing factors of rabies incubation period. It is suggested to note that the status of animal attacks , and receive timely immunization.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2013年第17期2123-2126,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
狂犬病
潜伏期
影响因素
生存分析
Rabies
Incubation period
Influencing factors
Survival analysis
