摘要
针对传统果园株行距普遍偏小、树冠交叉、大型植保机具入园作业困难等特点,该文研制了一种适于低矮果园的自走式风送喷雾机。该机各工作部件独立控制,利用设置在发动机飞轮上的分动箱把动力传递给轴流风机、隔膜泵、液压装置、行走系统等工作部件;风送装置流道型式为R+S级,叶轮直径0.6m,叶片数为9,后导叶叶片数为11,宽度为0.1m。通过室内试验和样机田间试验分别测试了风机性能特性和树冠中的雾滴覆盖率及沉积密度,结果表明,风机转速在1400r/min时风量为2.7m3/s,全压效率值为82%,满足风送作业要求;风机转速1600r/min时全压效率最高,达到86%;树冠内部枝叶正反面雾滴覆盖率分别为58.76%、19.60%,树冠外层枝叶正反面雾滴覆盖率分别为与69.35%、32.66%,树冠内部枝叶正反面沉积密度为115、79个/cm2,树冠外层枝叶正反面沉积密度为105、96个/cm2,满足病虫害防治雾滴沉积密度要求20个/cm2;作业效率为0.91hm2/h。
Plant protection is very important for high yield and quality of fruits production. A new self-propelled sprayer with low height was developed accommodating small space and poor trafficability of conventional orchards which are densely planted with dwarf plants. The power transmission system of the machine was optimized and the air supply atomization device was designed. The power transmission system distributes power separately, so the fan, pump, walking and steering device can be controlled independently. Designing of the air supply device and main technical parameters of key parts were based on theories of fluid mechanics and pesticide delivery technique applications. The R＋S channel, 9 impellers, 11 guide glades was adopted. The diameter of impellers was 0.6m and the width of guide glades was 0.1m. The fan property was tested and the performance curve graphic was drawn. Frequency transformer, torque meter, wind velocity indicator was used and the testing ring was put 1m ahead of the air enter which was connected with a set of rams to fan pipes. The ram’s diameter are 0.6 m, as same as fan’s. The results showed that air volume was 2.7 m 3 /s meet at 1400 r/min which demands design needs. The highest total pressure efficiency is 86% at 1600 r/min. As the speed increases, total pressure efficiency dropped rapidly but the power increased. The variation trends of the air volume and air pressure are not significant. The field experiment was conducted in an apple grove which was grown with ＂Jinshiji＂apple trees. The experiment followed strictly the quality of air-assisted orchard sprayer （NY/T 992—2006） and evaluating regulations for the operation and spraying （GB/T17997—2008）.The row space was 3 m×2 m, diameter of the tree crown was 2 m, the height of the tree was 2.5 m. Three trees were randomly selected as sample trees. The intersection points of three horizontal layers and three vertical layers of each tree were set as sample points, that is, 27 sample points totally for one tree. Water-sensitive paper card with the same size to apple leaves were put on sample points both front and rear sides receiving droplets to measure the cover ratio of droplets. The paper cards were numbered according to the sample points. Paper cards were collected after droplets got dry. Droplets cover ratio of each paper card was measured by micro camera and droplets image processing system. Results showed that the spraying coverage and droplets density increased significantly with the increase of the fan speed, spraying manipulation was conducted at the condition of 0.5 MPa spray pressure, 1400 r/min fan speed, and 1.26 m/s velocity, the spraying coverage in front and rear of the leaf was 58.76% and 19.06% inside the tree, and 69.35% and 32.66% outside the tree crown, droplets density in front and rear of the leaf was 115 and 79 droplets/cm2 inside the tree, and 105 and 96 droplets/cm2 outside the tree crown. The operation efficiency reached to 0.91 hm 2 /h when the proportion of auxiliary time and operation time is one to two.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第15期18-25,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2008AA100903)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201203025)
关键词
农业机械
试验
喷雾
自走式
agricultural machinery
experiments
spraying
self-propelled
