摘要
硝基芳香化合物是环境中难以降解的污染物之一。因其用途广泛,大量残留于土壤,水体和大气中,造成的环境污染日趋严重。多种植物对该类污染物具有吸收、富集和代谢降解作用,利用植物对其环境污染进行治理是一种有效的方法。文章在总结国内外有关硝基芳香化合物的植物作用研究基础上,重点阐述了植物对硝基芳香化合物的吸收、转运和代谢过程,分析了吸收、代谢机理以及影响吸收的因素;硝基芳香化合物的理化特性、浓度和植物自身特性及其它外界条件都会影响植物对该类化合物的吸收,植物可以通过体内降解、体外联合代谢、根部释放酶催化的机制实现该类化合物的降解。目前,硝基芳香化合物进入植物细胞膜的机理认知不足,模拟模型缺乏有力数据验证;代谢机制中参与反应的酶、化合物等体系和反应产物环境特性仍不明确,植物修复可行性缺乏有力证据。未来将在模型预测构建、降解机理和修复工程的实际应用方面作进一步探究,以形成系统的认知,为硝基芳香化合物污染土壤和农产品的生态风险评价以及植物修复提供理论依据。
Nitro-aromatic compounds is one of the difficult biodegradable pollutants in the environment, due to its wide range of uses, large amounts of residues in the soil, water and atmosphere, caused increasingly serious environmental pollution. The pollutants can be absorbed or accumulated by various plants, as well as a metabolic degradation, using the vegetation to control its environmental pollution is an effective method. This paper reviewed recent studies nitro-aromatic compounds in plants, the uptake, transport and metabolism progress by plant are described, and the uptake and metabolism mechanism as well as effects of absorption; Nitro-arom-atic compounds physical and chemical properties, concentration and plant characteristics, in addition to other external conditions will affect the absorption of the plant, the plants decompose these compounds through the degradation of plants, joint metabolism in vitro, enzyme catalysis mechanism release by roots. Most of researches regarding the mechanism of nitro-aromatic compounds into the plant cell membrane are lack of in-depth understanding while the application of simulation model is lack of strong data for validation; environmental characteristics of enzymes and compounds involved in the reaction system mechanisms is still not clear, otherwise the reaction products, the feasibility of phytoremediation is lack of strong evidence too. In the future, we will make a further explore in the construction of model predictions, the depth of degradation mechanism research and practical application of the restoration project, forming a unified cognition, which will provide a theoretical basis for nitro-aromatic compounds contaminated soil and agricultural ecological risk assessment, and the phytoremediation.
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期1079-1084,共6页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
关键词
硝基芳香化合物
植物
吸收
代谢
机理
Nitro-aromatic compounds
plant
absorption
metabolism
mechanism
