摘要
河岸带是河流—陆地生态系统之间进行物质、能量、信息交换的重要生态过渡区,具有独特的生态系统结构和服务功能,近年来成为国内外生态学和环境科学的研究热点之一。在阐述河岸带结构与功能基础上,分析了河岸带的影响因素与其退化机制,退化河岸带的生态恢复理论、基本原则、生态重建技术和发展方向。认为影响河岸带结构与功能的主要因素可归纳为水文与地貌过程、植被与人为干扰4个方面;识别影响河岸带生态系统的生物和物理作用过程及其退化成因是关键,指出了生态恢复应遵循的原则与宜采用的生态重建技术。在此基础上,提出河岸带生态恢复应在景观或流域尺度上借助"3S"技术和多学科协作从微观、中观和宏观不同层次开展研究,甄别生态退化的主导因素,采用植被重建与水文调控技术尽可能恢复与重建原有自然景观。从系统生态学与景观生态学的角度,提出河岸带生态学未来研究方向。建议今后应加强对河岸带生态系统结构、生态过程与功能及生态重建技术的研究成果进行系统整合,建立能够预测河岸带结构与功能动态的数量模型和评价体系,为实现河岸带重建与高效管理提供科学指导。
Riparian zone is an important ecotone exchanging substance, energy and information between fiver and land ecosystems and have unique ecosystem structure and ecological service function. It is a research hotspot of ecology and environmental science around the world in recent years. Much attention has been paid to the resulted environmental effects, but how to restore a healthy riparian ecosystem is still lacking scientific methodology. In this paper, the structure and function of riparian zone, affecting factors and degradation mechanisms, and related restoration principles of degraded riparian ecosystem, and reconstruction methods and de- velopment directions were reviewed and discussed. In general, The main affecting factors on the structure and function of riparian ecosystem were eco-hydrological process, geomorphology process, vegetation and anthropogenic disturbances. Understanding of the biological and physical processes which affect riparian ecosystem and degradation causes in detail were the key issue. The basic principles have to be followed and appropriate ecological reconstruction method should be adopted when restoring riparian ecosys- tem. On the basis of the above analysis, we proposed GIS technology and multidisciplinary cooperation should be adopted and ad- vocated to systematically research riparian zone from macro-, mid- and micro-scales, grasp the degradation causes and implement the vegetation restoration and hydrological adjustment to restore the original natural landscape at watershed or landscape scale. Perspec- tive of the system ecology and landscape ecology, the research directions of riparian ecology were put forward in the future. We suggested to integrate systematically the research achievements of structure, function, ecological processes and reconstruction meth- ods of riparian zone,and establish the quantitative models and comprehensive assessment system in order to supply the scientific guidance for efficient management and ecological rehabilitation of riparian zone.
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期879-886,共8页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31060066)
973前期预研专项(2011CB411909
2012CB426507)
关键词
河岸带
生态过渡区
结构与功能
干扰
生态恢复与重建
riparian zone
ecotone
structure and function
disturbance
ecological restoration and reconstruction
