摘要
在广泛应用人工授精技术的奶牛业中,种公牛对奶牛群体遗传进展的贡献高达70%以上,而公牛的精液品质与产量是影响其最大程度发挥遗传潜能的重要因素,对于育种企业来说,又直接与经济效益相关。因此,对公牛的选择不仅要注重生产性能方面,还要考虑繁殖方面。这在母牛繁殖力不断下降的今天,尤为重要。公牛个体间不仅在精液的质与量上存在着重大差异,而且受精力上也明显不同。受精力低或繁殖障碍公牛可推迟母牛配妊时间、错过母牛配种季节、增加母牛淘汰率、降低犊牛断奶重等,给奶牛生产造成巨大损失。因此,对于公牛繁殖力的研究已经成为奶牛育种工作中的一个必然。公牛精液性状具有中到高等的遗传力,并有学者对这些性状进行了QTL定位。对于精液中的蛋白及精子生成基因,虽有众多研究,但机理还不清楚。近年来发现具有广谱抗菌活性的β-防御素在雄性动物生殖方面具有重要作用,其中精子抗原基因可作为影响精液品质的候选基因。
The use of artificial insemination technology made lots of profits in dairy industry, about 70% the contribution from bulls, so bull＇s semen quality and quantity play an important use to maximize its genetic potential, and directly associated with the economic of AI center. Therefore, the selection to the Bulls should not only focus on production performance of their daughters, but breeding soundness should also be considered. Continuous decline in fertility in cows today, bull breeding soundness have been be particularly important to producer. Bulls are not only significant differences in the quality and quantity of semen, but also by the significantly different fertility. Infertility of low-fertility could postpone cows pregnant time, miss the cow breeding season, eliminate cows because of reproduce disease, reduce calf weaning weight, and so on, which gave great loss to dairy production. Therefore, the study of bull fertility has become important in dairy cattle prodution. Traits to the bull semen have moderate or high heritability, some QTL for these traits have been mapping. Although a large number of protein and genes on semen have been found, but clear mechanism was not known. With broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, β-defensins in the male reproductive found to play an important role in recent years, sperm antigen gene may affect the semen quality
出处
《中国奶牛》
2013年第11期15-19,共5页
China Dairy Cattle
基金
山东大学种业科技振兴计划(201210001)
十二五国家科技支撑计划"优质奶牛新品种(系)选育与关键技术研究与示范"(2011BAD28B02)
