摘要
目的对汉中市农村与城区5岁以下儿童死亡进行对比分析，并探讨其干预措施。方法将2000至2010年汉中市城市与农村5岁以下儿童死亡资料进行回顾性分析。结果汉台区、南郑县5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为13．65‰和20．32‰；城区（汉台）的新生儿、婴儿、1～4岁、5岁以下死亡率明显低于农村（南郑）（∥值分别为16．89、42．69、17．54、59．04，均P〈0．001）；5岁以下儿童死亡中新生儿、婴儿阶段死亡构成比较高，1～4岁较低，且两区县构成比相近（均P〉0．05）。5岁以下儿童死亡前5位原因不同，城区为先天畸形、新生儿窒息、意外事故、早产低体重、肺炎；农村为新生儿窒息、肺炎、意外事故、先天畸形、早产低体重。结论汉中市近11年5岁以下儿童各年龄组死亡率逐年下降，且城区比农村死亡率低；5岁以下儿童死亡中婴儿、新生儿年龄段死亡构成比较高，城区和农村死亡前5位原因略有不同，体现了城市与农村经济、文化和医疗保健水平不同对5岁以下儿童死亡的影响，因此，城市和农村降低5岁以下儿童死亡率工作各有侧重点。
Objective To analyze the death of children under 5 years old in urban and rural areas of Hanzhong and to explore possible interventional measures. Methods Death data of 5 years old children from 2000 to 2010 in both of urban and rural areas of Hanzhong was analyzed retrospectively. Results The mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Hantai and Nanzheng was 13.65%0 and 20.32%e, respectively. The mortality rate of newborns, infants, children of 1-4 years old and children under 5 years old in urban area （Hantai） was much lower than that in rural area （Nanzheng） （X2 value was 16.89, 42.69, 17.54 and 59.04, respectively, all P 〈 0. 001 ）. The constituent ratio of death of newborns and infants was relatively high, and that of children aged 1-4 years was relatively low. Meanwhile, the constituent ratio of two areas was similar （ both P 〉 0.05 ）. The causes of death of children under 5 years old in two areas were different. The first five causes of death in the urban were congenital malformation, asphyxia neonatorum, contretemps, premature and low birth weight, and pneumonia, while they were asphyxia neonatorum, pneumonia, contretemps, congenital malformation, and premature and low birth weight in the rural area. Conclusion In the past 11 years, the mortality rate of children under 5 years old of each age groups decreases year by year, and the death rate in the urban area is lower than that in the rural area. Infants and newborns death takes the majority of the death of children under 5 years old. The top five causes of children＇ s death in the urban and rural area are different, which indicates different impact of economics, culture and medical care on children in urban and rural area. Therefore, the future work in different areas should have their own focus.
出处
《中国妇幼健康研究》
2013年第3期293-295,共3页
Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research
关键词
5岁以下儿童
死亡率
原因分析
干预措施
children under 5 years
mortality rate
reason analysis
intervention measure
