摘要
万能量词"个"的表意功能非常复杂,某些语境中的"个"已由以"客观计量"为主要功能的成分演化为以"主观赋量"为主要功能的成分。值得注意的是,"个"的"主观赋量"功能或者说"个"所表述的主观情态义在不同的结构中有所不同,甚至其"量"的特征截然相反。"吃个饭、聊个天"之类的"V个NP"结构明显含有把事情"往小里说"的意味,即具有"主观小量"特征;而"喝个痛快"之类的"V个VP"结构则含有把程度"往高里说",也即把事情"往大里说"的意味,具有"主观大量"特征。"V个NP"的"主观小量"特征与"V个VP"的"主观大量"特征的形成,其实都与"个"的个体化功能有关。"V个NP"中的"个"的主要功用是将事物个体化,"V个VP"中的"个"的主要功用是将性状个体化。将事物个体化与将性状个体化所需认知程序的不同,是"V个NP"和"V个VP"形成"反向"的主观情态义的关键。同一语言形式的语义内涵相同或相关,却会因语境的不同而生发不同的表意功能,是很常见的语言现象。
The semantic function of the so-called all-powerful classifier ge（个） is complex, in that it plays a subjective quantitating role rather than an objective calculating role in some con- texts. Moreover, the subjective quantitating function varies with the syntactic construction. In the ＇V ge NP＇ construction, such as chi ge fan, liao ge tian, ge plays the subjective diminutive role, and in the ＇ V ge VP＇ construction, such as he ge tongkuai, it fulfills the subjective incre- menting role. Both the diminishing role and the incrementing role are subject to the individuali- zing function of the classifier. In ＇ V ge NP＇, ge is used to individualize the thing, while in ＇ V ge VP＇ , it is to individualize the property. It is the different cognitive procedures between these two roles that bring about such semantic differences.
出处
《世界汉语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第3期362-375,共14页
Chinese Teaching in the World
关键词
V个NP
V个VP
主观小量
主观大量
个体化
V ge NP, V ge VP, subjective diminishing role, subjective incrementing role,individualize
