摘要
基于森的可行能力福利思想和阿特金森的广义均值不平等测度理论,在以物质生活水平、知识技能、健康状况和农村环境四个子维度作为综合评价的基础上,构建了一种具有全维度分布敏感性的中国农村社会福利指数新模型,论证了该模型具有"路径独立"和"子群一致"的特性。依据2001-2010年中国农村社会的相关统计资料,运用新模型测度并对比分析了2001-2010年期间在考虑了分布不平等影响后的中国农村社会福利指数发展趋势和特点,探讨了由不平等导致的社会福利损失变化。研究表明:在维度福利方面,物质生活福利增幅最大,但福利分布的不平等程度也最高;知识技能和健康状况两维度的福利增幅和分布的不平等程度均居中;环境状况维度的福利分布不平等程度相对最低,但福利水平却有所下降。2001-2010年我国农村社会整体福利水平逐年上升,但各维度福利发展的不平衡是制约我国农村社会福利更快更大幅度提升的主要障碍。2001-2005年因不平等造成的农村社会平均福利损失率为12.9%,2006-2010年为13.3%,其影响显著,并且还有逐渐增大的趋势。因此,建议协调发展各福利维度,在保持农民物质生活福利快速提升的同时,通过提升农民医保保障水平、深化医疗体制改革、加强农村环境保护等措施加快提高农民在健康、环境等非经济维度上的福利发展速度;其次,将降低农民在物质生活维度上的不平等作为主要抓手,通过完善收入分配机制、加大帮扶贫困农民力度,扭转农村社会福利不平等损失逐步增大的趋势。
Based on Amartya Sen＇ s capability approach and Atkinson＇ s generalized means inequality measure theory, using a comprehensive evaluation mode combined by four sub-dimensions of the welfare of the material life, knowledge and skills, state of health and rural environment, a new Chinese rural social welfare index model is developed which is sensitive to all forms of multidimensional inequality and satisfies subgroup consistency and path independent. Applying the statistics of Chinese rural society, the new model is used to measure and analyze characteristics and the trend of Chinese rural social welfare index considering inequality factors from 2001 to 2010; furthermore, the loss rate of social welfare caused by unequality is also discussed. The empirical results show that ： ①Among all dimensions, the welfare of the material life dimension obtains the fastest growth, yet its distribution inequality is the most serious too. In contrast, the welfare of the environment state dimension has the minimum distribution inequality, but its welfare level has declined; the change and distribution inequality of the other two dimensions, including the welfare dimensions of knowledge and skills and state of health, occupies an intermediate position. ②The level of rural society benefit as a whole increased year by year from 2001 to 2010, but the uneven development of various dimensions of welfare was a major obstacle restricting the faster development of the rural welfare. ③The average rural social welfare loss due to inequality from 2001 to 2005 was 12.9%, and 13.3% from 2006 to 2010 ; this impact is significant, and there is an increasing trend too. Therefore, it is recommended that firstly, coordinate the development of the welfare dimensions. While maintaining fast improvement of the material life welfare of farmers, various measures such as raising the level of farmers＇ health insurance protection, deepening the reform of the medical system, and strengthening the rural environmental protection should be implemented to accelerate the welfare development speed in non-economic dimensions such as health and environment of the farmers. Secondly, reduce the inequality of material life dimension of farmers. Through improving income distribution system and reinforcing the support for farmers in poverty to reduce the increasing inequality loss of social welfare of farmers.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第6期66-71,共6页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社科基金项目"保障房建设的社会空间效应
形成机制与福利测度研究"(编号:12CGL092)
"城市弱势群体的住房保障制度研究"(编号:10CGL080)
关键词
社会福利
福利指数
分布不平等
农村社会
social welfare
welfare index
distributive inequality
rural society
