摘要
在黑龙江省玉米主产区采用多点田间试验方法研究玉米平衡施肥对产量、养分平衡系数、肥料利用率及农学效率的影响。结果表明,与最佳处理(OPT)相比,3个试验点不施氮、磷、钾、硫、锌、硼肥处理的平均减产率分别为23.9%、9.0%、11.9%、7.0%、7.6%、5.5%。3个试验点OPT处理氮、磷、钾的平均平衡系数分别为0.92、1.06和0.42,说明,150～165 kg/hm2氮素投入、55～82.5 kg/hm2磷素投入略低,养分平衡处于亏缺状态,75 kg/hm2钾素投入过低,养分平衡处于严重亏缺状态。3个试验点OPT处理氮、磷、钾肥平均利用率分别为36.2%、27.3%、46.7%;不施氮肥处理磷肥平均利用率为0.9%;不施磷肥处理氮、钾肥平均利用率分别为20.7%和27.6%;不施钾肥处理氮、磷肥平均利用率分别为23.1%和13.1%,可见,平衡施肥提高了肥料利用率。3个试验点OPT处理氮、磷、钾的农学效率分别为14.1、13.6和15.5 kg/kg。
Field experiments were conducted on the effect of balanced fertilization on corn yield, fertilizer use ef- ficiency, agronomic efficiency and the nutrient cycling in the main corn production region of Heilongjiang Province. The results of three experiments showed that without N, P, K, S, Zn and B application the grain yield decreased by 23.9%, 9.0%, 11.9%, 7.0%, 7.6% and 5.5%, respectively, by comparison with the optimium treatment （OPT）. For the treatment of OPT, the balanced coefficient of N was 0.92, P was 1.06, K was 0.42, it means that N 150 - 165 kg/ha, P205 55 - 82.5 kg/ha input was a little lower than that of high yield demand; and K20 75 kg/ha was much lower than that of high yield demand; the balance of nutrition in deficiency status. For the treatment of OPT, N use efficiency was 36.2%, P was 27.3%, K was 46.7%; for the treatment of O-N, P use efficiency was 0.9%, K was 0. For the treatment of O-P, N use efficiency was 20.7, P was 27.6%. For the treatment of O-K, N use efficiency was 23.1%, P was 13.1%. The data indicated that the balanced fertilization could increase fertilizer use efficiency. For the treatment of OPT, the agronomic efficiencies of N, P and K were 14.1 kg, 13.6 kg and 15.5 kg, respectively.
出处
《玉米科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第3期120-124,130,共6页
Journal of Maize Sciences
基金
"十一五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2008BAD96B02)
国际植物营养研究所资助项目(IPNI)
关键词
玉米
平衡施肥
产量
养分循环
肥料利用率
Corn
Balanced fertilization
Yield
Nutrient cycling
Fertilizer use efficiency
