摘要
"Clutch"是一种与"Choking"典型相反的现象,主要描述运动员在比赛关键时刻的完美表现。基于"Clutch"表现,从现象学的角度,讨论压力下运动能力的发挥,并分析"Clutch"运动员的能力表现特征,旨在为优秀运动员的训练和选拔提供理论依据。研究认为,竞赛压力下的运动表现存在极性现象,"Choking"反映的是负性运动表现,而"Clutch"反映的是正性运动表现。从特征解释上讲,"Choking"表述为情景的运动表现,而"Clutch"则是特质的运动表现。"Clutch"反映了运动员在压力下展示技术的能力,一般发生在优秀运动员身上。通过"Clutch"运动表现的案例分析,结合相关研究成果,认为"Clutch"运动员是存在的,并提出了"Clutch"运动员的能力表现解释模型。该模型主要包括"专项运动能力"、"压力认知应对能力"和"运动员人格"3个方面。
Clutch is a phenomenon typically opposite to choking, inferring as athletes ~ perfect performances at the critical moments. From the phenomenological perspective, this article is to discuss the performance under pressure and analysis the features of athletic clutcher ~s capabili-ties to perform. The aim of this article is to provide a theoretical reference for training and se-lecting elite athletes. The article suggests that there is a phenomenon of polarity in performance under pressure, in which choking infers to negative results of performance and clutch reflects positive results of performance. From the perspective of features, choking explains for the state performance and clutch shows the trait performance. Clutch addresses the athletic capabilities to perform under pressure, which often occurs on elite athletes. This article suggests that there is an existence of clutch performers and discuss an explaining model of clutchers＇ capabilities to perform by analyzing the cases of clutch performance and reviewing related research find- ings. This article also suggests that the model mainly included ＂specific capabilities to perform sports＂, ＂capabilities to cope the cognitive pressure＂, and ＂athletic personalities＂. The discus-sion is related to above three aspects in detail and proposes the directions of future research.
出处
《体育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第6期14-22,共9页
China Sport Science
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助
