摘要
80年代以来,国际工业地理学界采取不同的方法途径对工业变化进行研究。本文在分析这些方法的基础上,提出将工业组织变化与工业区域变化、工业结构变化加以结合,以弥补在工业区域和结构变化研究中忽视组织决策因素,在工业组织变化研究中忽视把区域作为一个整体。基于大量统计数据和本人实地调查资料,本文应用这种综合方法研究了70年代以来澳大利亚的工业变化。
Scholars have adopted different focii for the analysis of industrial change. This study attempts to combine a regional approach with the approach adopted by geography of enterprise in order to overcome the limitations of using either approach alone. Three steps were taken in 'he study: 1) quantitative analysis on the basis of statistical data from ABS and my own survey; 2} case studies of companies to examine the role of individual enterprise in the industrial changes observed in step one; 3) discussions of the findings from the first two steps.
From macro level down to the single enterprise, this study of Australian industrial change, which focuses on the south-east, explores the difficulies of restructuring industry and regional development and suggests the alternative government policies.
Although industrial change in Australia since the 1970's has been affected by government industrial policies, this study indicates that government's restructuring policy and regional policy have not realised the expectation of the policy-makers. Manufacturing in Australia has-continued to decline and the country's serious regional disparity in manufacturing has remained.
Dacades of experience in funding internationally uncompetitive industries have produced no satifactory result. This study suggests that the level of assistance to manufacturing should be adjusted gradually to suit the relative advantages or growth potential of different indnst-ries. Australia should attempt to gain a large proportion of value-added from further resource processing. Competitiveness among manufacturing industries should focus on the relatively-advantaged sectors.
Government assistance to non-metropolitan areas has its own reasons, such as regional balance and redistribution of wealth. The crucial question however, is wether government should overemphasize the problems of such areas at the expense of general economic growth. I consider that regional policy should exploit the relative advantages of different regions. Government assistance should encourage regions with development potential to achieve rapid growth.
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1991年第3期289-299,共11页
Acta Geographica Sinica
关键词
地理学
工业变化
澳大利亚
Industrial change
Geography of Enterprise
Industrial organisation
Aust-ralia
