摘要
多房棘球绦虫(Echinococcusmultilocularis)的独立性到本世纪的五十年代才被肯定。Rausch & Schiller(1954)在北美圣劳伦岛的北极狐(Alopex lagopus)体内描述一种西伯利亚棘球绦虫(E.sibiricensis),其幼虫期是多房棘球蚴(Alveolar hydatid cyst),寄生于当地的田鼠(Microtus oeconomus initus,Clethrionomysrutilus albiventer)。不久,Vogel(1955,1957)在德国南部的红狐(Vulpes vulpes)体内检得成虫,用其孕节虫卵感染当地田鼠(M.arvalis, M.oeconomus ratticeps)
Based on the specific characters such as the length of stroblla,the lenght and number of。ostellar hooks,the position of genital pore,the number and dlstrlbutlon of testes and theform ofuterus that are valuable for taxonomic dlscrlmlnatlon ofE.multi切onhrls,It Is consld-ered that thepathogen ofAHDln Chlan seems to be only one spedes ofE.multilocu切rls.WhCthCf It CXISt diffefCDt SllbspCCICS sfld StY31D VSY18tlollS YCthslDS fuythCf StlldiCS ill thC iCldand laboratory. There were four spedes of canldae recently proved to be Infected with the adults of E.mullilocular。from China.They are:(l)red fox(Vulp。vulp。),15Oinfected in Ninxia,36.6%in Xifljiang 59.3%in Sichuan;(2) sand fox(Vcorsac),33.3%Infected In NelM。og。ha;(3)wd7(Cand儿pu力,50%up。r比d in*。q功ngand(4)domesdc4。g(krao,14.4%infected In Slchuan.During the last decade,about eight spedes of rodents and domestic animals had beenfound to be infected with the metacestodes ofE.mult汕onbr拈 In China.The intermediatehOStS sfC SS follOWS:(l)Cite11uS dauriC。。IUSChQniCuS,0.55OiflfeCtCd ill NiflXi。;(2)地)osP ao x fofonran加r,o.3〕毛Infecred InI呵nxla;(3)人(加r。ISS br。nd j,2.4勺6fo und1uN*Mongolia;(4)Meriones unguiculalus,16.6OInfected In Nel Mongolia;(5)Ochotonaon。。nuae,4.25%huMIn5I讪uan;(6)Mus muse帅s,0.94%In欣id。n XW1。ng;(7)训k,6.2Oand(8)sheep,7.70reported In Slchuan,which the sterile cysts and theirhlstopathology from both domestic animals were much similar to that ofhuman Infection. H仙man AHD cases In China are very dlmcult to compute precisely,because some casesare often re—recordect In me same region,and some cases are missed In record.OurIncomplete data showed that about 4if human cases had been found from 6 provinces andautonomous regions and 49 counties and cities so far In China.Thlr geographic dlstrlbutlonsare as follows;257 cases found InNlnxla,16In Gansu,35 In Slchuan,40in Qinghai,62 inXI叼fang and one case Just reported In 1990.As mentioned above,two endemic regions couldbe recognized In China:one region Is distributed In Xlfljlang,mainly In northern Xllljlangnear the border of USSR;with 62 cases diagnosed;and the other one Is located near the cen-tralpartofChlna,Involving4provlnces and autonomous regions such as Qinghal,Gansu,SIChllsll slid NlllX18 CtC,With 349 disgllOSCd CSSCS.NlflXld WSS fCgsfdCd ds 8 hCSVy CfldCffilCarea where AHD Infection Is very focal,with Zyy diagnosed cases.In that endemic area,thenatural condition had not been usually disrupted,and the cycle o1E.mull咖on切rls was per-petuated by the predator—prey relationship existing between mxes and rodents.The transmls-slon factors of AHD could be attributed to the fact of contact with foxes when hunting.Be-SldCS,dflflklllg COlltsthlllstCd W8tCf fCVC8lCd thC IniportBfit SOllfGC OfiflfeCtlofl ill SOthC VlllsgCSwhere the Inhabitants and livestock all drunk water In the same dtche or gully hole,In whichhe coming water could be polluted by eggs from Infected fox feetes when raining,In westernSlchuan,the domestic dogs(feral)might replace the fox cycle,and the eggs dispersed by dogsSCYVCd SS thC SOllfCC OfiflfeCtlofl to hCfl sfld YOdCfltS.
出处
《地方病通报》
1991年第2期117-127,147-148,共11页
Endemic Diseases Bulletin
