摘要
莱州湾是黄渤海渔业生物的主要产卵场、栖息地和渤海多种渔业的传统渔场。不同时期按季节进行的拖网试捕调查结果表明 :莱州湾渔业生物的资源量、优势度和多样性指数发生了显著的变化。 195 9、1982、1992～ 1993和 1998年的平均单位网次渔获量分别为 2 5 8、117、77 5和 8 5kg/h ,渔业资源呈现持续衰退的趋势。80年代以来带鱼、小黄鱼等大型底层鱼类为黄鲫、■鱼等小型中上层鱼类所替代 ,渔业生物群落结构发生了显著变化。在黄渤海连续进行的大规模的中国对虾种苗放流导致其野生群体的遗传杂合度明显下降。在分析了主要渔业资源衰退原因的基础上 ,提出了保护栖息地环境和渔业生物多样性的相应措施。
Laizhou Bay (37°10′-38°20′N,118°30′-120°30′E) is not only an important spawning site and habitat for fishery resources in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea,but also a traditional fishing site.The results from pair trawl surveys in different seasons in the area indicate that fish's abundance,diversity and dominance have changed dramatically.The mean catches per haul are 258,117,77 5 and 8 5?kg/h in 1959,1982,1992-1993 and 1998,respectively.The large sized demersal fish,such as largehead hairtail ( Trichiurus haumela ) and small yellow croaker ( Pseudosciaena polyactis ) have been replaced by half fin anchovy ( Setipinna taty ),anchovy ( Engraulis japonicus ) etc.since the 1980's.The community structure of fishery resources has apparently varied.The continuous releasing penaeid shrimp ( Penaeus chinensis ) in large scale has caused the decrease of genetic heterozygosity in the wild stock.The corresponding protection measures to inhabiting environment and biodiversity are suggested based on the analyses of variation of main fishery resources.
基金
国家自然科学基金!重点资助项目( 3 96 3 0 2 6 0 )
关键词
莱州湾
群落结构
保护
渔业生物
生物多样性
Laizhou Bay
Community structure
Genetic diversity
Ecological diversity
Diversity pro tection
