摘要
根据有关历史资料的统计分析，在元朝以后，滇南各土司向天朝上贡的犀角估算有 ７９～ １２３支，并在清朝于１８世纪末１９世纪初犀牛就成为濒于灭绝的物种，而最后的一头犀牛是在１９５７年在滇南被捕杀。滇南各土司在元朝以后向天朝上贡的大象估算有１１４０～１３３９头、象牙３８～７６支，加上大象和犀牛被用于频繁的战争，它在１７世纪中期就处于濒危的状态。因而，向天朝上贡这一特殊的人文因素是大象和犀牛在滇南濒危和灭绝的重要原因之一。虽然犀牛已在滇南灭绝，但从现代的生态环境来说，实现再引种是可能的。
In accordance with the statistics from related historical documents, we estimated that 79 ~ 123 rhinoceros horns had been paid as tribute to the imperial courts of China from southern Yunnan since the Yuan Dynasty (the 13rd century). The rhinoceros in the region, therefore, was becoming extinct during the period of the Qing Dynasty from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. The last rhinoceros was killed in 1957 in southern Yunnan. Meanwhile, 1140 ~1339 elephants and 38 -- 76 ivories were estimated to be paid as tribute to the imperial courts of China from southern Yunnan since the Yuan Dy- nasty, and elephants were fallen into the situation of endangeredness in the middle of the 17th century. Paying tribute, as a special human factor, was one of the important reasons for the endangerment and extinction of rhinoceros and elephants. Although rhinoceros has been extinct in southern Yunnan, it can be reintroduced in recent ecoenvironment.
出处
《生物多样性》
CAS
CSCD
2000年第1期112-119,共8页
Biodiversity Science
基金
中科院资环局九五重大项目!KZ951-A1-104资助
关键词
犀牛
大象
濒危
灭绝
朝廷
贡品
人文因素
rhinoceros, elephant. paying tribute, endangeredness, extinction
