摘要
白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)是一种中国南方城市分布广泛、种群数量丰富的鸟类。其对环境变化和人类活动的适应能力已引起关注。2012年3—7月,在杭州城市环境下,对白头鹎的繁殖生态进行了系统调查,共记录到白头鹎繁殖鸟巢117巢。结果显示,在杭州市区,白头鹎主要在居民小区、行道树和绿化带的树冠层筑巢,主要营巢植物为桂树(Osmanthus fragrans),占总数的84.6%(n=117)。所有繁殖巢距地面均高(3.16±0.91)m(n=117)。3月底开始筑巢产卵,产卵高峰集中在4月11—25日。窝卵数为(3.37±0.48)枚(n=103),孵化期为(11.34±1.12)d(n=32),育雏期为(11.85±1.12)d(n=47)。孵化率为68.3%(n=111),离巢率为52.1%(n=117),总繁殖成功率为34.7%(n=111)。繁殖失败原因主要包括卵及雏鸟被捕食、人为干扰等。
The Chinese Bulbul, Pycnonotus sinensis, is one of the most abundant and widely distributed birds of south China, settling even in dense urban areas. From March-July 2012, we surveyed the Chinese Bulbul in the urban environment of Hangzhou, China, to gain a clearer perspective on their breeding ecology. Totally, 117 nests were found, mainly on the trees of Osmanthus fragrans （84.6%, n=117） in residential areas, street tree strips, and green belt. Our results include several noteworthy observations： nest height from the ground was 3.16＋0.91 m （n=117）; egg-laying begins in early April with peak times from April 11-25; and the nesting period was 11.85±1.12 days （n=47）. In terms of fertility and reproduction, we also observed that the average incubation period was 11.34±1.12 days （n=32）; average clutch size was 3.37±0.48 eggs （n=103）; hatching success 68.3%, fledging rate 52.1%, and the total breeding success 35.58% （n=117）. The main causes of breeding failure included egg and fledgling predation, as well as human disturbance.
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31071908)
关键词
白头鹎
城市化
繁殖生态
巢位选择
适应性
Pycnonotus sinensis
Urbanization
Breeding ecology
Nest site selection
Adaptation
