摘要
白蚁是最古老的社会性昆虫,其社会性的维持需要信息素的相互作用。本文回顾了近年来国内外白蚁信息素研究的最新进展,内容涉及白蚁踪迹信息素、性信息素、告警信息素和促食信息素的功能、化学成分及产生信息素的外分泌腺。白蚁分泌信息素的腺体主要有背板腺、腹板腺、后腹板腺、额腺和唾腺。绝大多数白蚁信息素是挥发性物质。白蚁在化学通讯上存在节俭策略,即同一种化合物由不同的白蚁种类的不同外分泌腺分泌,可具有不同的功能。总结了各类信息素在白蚁物种间、同一物种的品级间和性别间的异同和作用方式,强调了白蚁信息素的反应阈值、最佳浓度、有效期和物种特异性对其功能的影响。目前对白蚁信息素的研究尚处于起步阶段,其研究成果对等翅目系统发育研究和白蚁防治具有重要的意义。文章最后展望了白蚁信息素在白蚁防治上的应用前景。
Termites are the oldest social insects in the world, and their sociality is maintained by pheromone communication. In this article, the new research progress on termite pheromones in recent years, including trail pheromone, sex pheromone, alarm pheromone and phagostimulating pheromone, is reviewed. The chemical components of the pheromone-producing exocrine glands of termites and their functions are summarized. Termite pheromones are mainly secreted by the tergal gland, sternal gland, posterior sternal gland, frontal gland and labial gland. Most of termite pheromones are volatile substances. Available data indicate a strategy of pheromonal parsimony in the chemistry communication of termites, i.e., the same compound is sometimes secreted by different glands of different species and may have different functions. The similarities/differences in chemical complexity and function of these pheromones between species and between the castes or sexes of the same species are summarized. The activity threshold, optimal concentration, longevity and speciesspecificity of the pheromones that affect pheromone functions are also introduced. At present, researches of termite pheromones are still in the initial stage. The research results are of great significance for Isoptera phylogeny and termite control. Finally, pheromones to be used in termite control are prospected.
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第4期419-426,共8页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
