摘要
研究了美国国家环境空气质量标准的要素构成及浓度限值演变过程,结果表明,美国国家环境空气质量标准按照保护对象分为两级,由污染物、平均时间、浓度限值和达标统计要求构成;该标准自1971年首次制定以来共修订11次,最初污染物为二氧化硫(SO2)、总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、光化学氧化剂(以O3计)、碳氢化合物(HC)、二氧化氮(NO2)和一氧化碳(CO)6种,期间废除了TSP和HC,增加了颗粒物PM10、PM2.5和Pb,当前为7种污染物;PM2.5年和24h平均浓度限值分别收紧20%和46%,O38h和Pb三个月平均浓度限值分别收紧6%和90%;达标统计要求由最初的超标次数,调整为浓度百分位数和年高值。
The elements composition of United States national ambient air quality standard （NAAQS） and evolution of concentration limits were reviewed. The results shows that NAAQS is divided into two levels in accordance with the protected objects, and composed of the pollutants, averaging time, concentration limits and attainment statistical requirements. Since 1971, it has been revised eleven times. Originally, the pollutants consisted of six kinds of pollutants including SOz, TSP, Pb, photochemical oxidants （measured by 03 ）, HC, NO2 and CO. Afterwards, the pollutants were adjusted by adding PM10, PM2.5 and Pb and revoking TSP and HC, and there are 7 pollutants currently. The 24-hour average and annual-average concentration limits of PM2.5 are more stringent than the initial values by 20% and 46%, and the 03 8-hour and Pb quarterly average concentration limits are tightened by 6% and 90%, respectively. The attainment statistical requirements have also been adjusted to concentration percentile and annual highest value from the original times above the standard limits.
出处
《环境工程技术学报》
CAS
2013年第3期240-246,共7页
Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology
关键词
美国
环境空气
质量标准
基准空气污染物
历程
United States
ambient air
quality standard
criteria air pollutants
development process
