摘要
近年来,随着土壤污染的逐渐加重以及食品安全问题的频出,生物炭作为重要的土壤改良剂以及对污染土壤修复表现出的巨大潜力引起人们的广泛关注.本文首先对国内外生物炭的土壤环境效应方面的研究以及成果进行分析总结.生物炭具有疏松多孔的性质以及巨大的表面积和阳离子交换量(CEC),可以改善土壤理化性质,能强烈吸附土壤中的污染物,降低其生物有效性和迁移转化能力;生物炭的碱性对于改良酸性土壤降低土壤中污染物的生物毒性具有很大的潜力;生物炭还可以为微生物提供生长繁殖的场所,有利于微生物对污染物的降解,但同时又可以保护被吸附的有机物免受微生物的降解,对不同的微生物影响不同;生物炭可以对蚯蚓等土壤动物的生存产生影响.在此基础上,依据生物炭的基本理化性质,对其土壤环境效应机制进行了分析.最后,从当前工作中存在的不足对今后的研究重点和方向进行了展望.
In recent years, with the the deteroiration of the soil pollution and the emerging of more and more food safety problems, biochars attract wide attention because of their great potential in amending polluted soils and increasing agriculture productions. In this article, we analyse and draw conclusions from the recent research results about the soil environmental effect of biochars. Biochars have large surface area and CEC, which help in improving the soil properties and adsorbing the soil pollutants, thus, biochars can reduce pollutant biological effectiveness. The alkalinity of biochars is pollutants. Biochars can offer space for the benefit to improve the acid soil and reduce the biological toxicity of growth and reproduction of microorganisms, which is benefit to the decomposition of pollutants. However, biochars can also protect the adsorbed pollutants from the decomposer. This influence varies from the kinds of microorganisms. Biochars can affect the survival of soil organisms. On the basis of above conclusions, we analyse the environmental effect mechanisms of biochars. At last, the research focus and direction is presented according the shortage of current researches.
出处
《环境化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期768-780,共13页
Environmental Chemistry
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(21037002)
南开大学重大培育项目(65030051)支持
关键词
生物炭
土壤
化学污染物
环境效应
微观作用机制
biochar, soil, chemical pollutant, environmental effect, microcosmic action mechanism.
