摘要
目的了解2011年肿瘤专科医院住院患者医院感染病原菌的临床分布及对常用抗菌药物的耐药性,为临床合理用药提供依据,并为加强控制医院感染的临床干预提供指引。方法对该院2011年1-12月所分离出的病原菌及其耐药性进行回顾性统计分析。结果送检标本共1277份,合格标本1207份,合格率94.52%;阳性标本429份,阳性率为35.54%;在送检标本中,以痰培养标本检出率最高,为61.54%;检出病原菌451株,检出率37.37%,其中,革兰阳性菌71株占15.74%,革兰阴性菌238株占52.77%,真菌142株占31.49%,前3位原菌依次为白色假丝酵母菌120株、大肠埃希菌68株、肺炎克雷伯菌64株,分别占26.61%、15.08%、14.19%;检出的病原菌中,多药耐药菌65株,检出率14.41%,其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌、多药耐药鲍氏不动杆菌分别为12、33、20株,未检出多药耐药/泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌、耐万古霉素肠球菌;革兰阴性杆菌和葡萄球菌属对常用抗菌药物耐药严重,且呈多药耐药。结论重视病原学检查及药敏监测,对合理选择抗菌药物、降低肿瘤患者感染发生率和死亡率、减少耐药菌株产生和控制医院感染暴发及流行均有重要价值。
OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution and drug resistance of common pathogens so as to guide the rational use of antibiotics and to put forward the clinical interventions for the control of nosocomial infections. METHODS From Jan to Dec, 2011, the retrospective analysis was performed for the distribution of clinical pathogenic bacteria and the drug resistance. RESULTS Of all 1277 specimens, there were 1207 qualified specimens with the pass rate of 94.52%, and the positive specimens 429, the positive rate was 35.54%. In all specimens, sputum culture specimens had the highest detection rate, which was 61.54%. Totally 451 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, the detection rate was 37. 37%% Among all the pathogens isolated, there were 71 （15.74%） strains of gram-positive bacteria, 238（52.77%） strains of gram-negative bacterial,and 142（31.49%） strains of fungi, the top three species of pathogens were Candida albicans （120 strains , 26.61%）, Escherichia coli （68 strains, 15.08%） and Klebsiella pneumoniae （64 strains, 14.19%） %of all the pathogens isolated, there were 65 （14. 41%） strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria, among which there were 12 strains of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 33 strains of ESBLs-producing bacteria, and 20 strains of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; there were no strains of multidrug-resistant or pandrug-resistant Pseudornonas aeruginosa or the vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolated; the gram-negative bacilli and the Staphylococci were highly resistant to the commonly used antibiotics and were multidrug-resistant. CONCLUSION It is important and urgent to carry out the surveillance of bacterial resistance for appropriate use of antibiotics so as to reduce the incidence of infections and the mortality of the tumor patients, prevent the drug resistant strains, and control the outbreak and prevalence of nosocomial infections.
出处
《中华医院感染学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第10期2495-2497,共3页
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology
基金
江苏省南通市科技计划项目(HS2012062)
关键词
病原菌分布
耐药性监测
临床干预
Bacterial distribution
Surveillance of drug resistance
Clinical intervention
