摘要
深入了解我国西北地区天然植被的水文循环过程对保护该地区水资源和环境有着重要意义.植被耗水作为最为关键的一环,对水文循环影响重大.由于不同类型植被的根系吸水能力、叶面截留以及蒸散能力在各生长阶段不尽相同.因此,如何全面反映流域天然植被耗水量是较为困难的.本研究将分布式水文模型GISMOD与农业气象原理相结合对植被耗水量进行估算.该方法首先通过有效积温和土壤水分对植被叶面积指数进行计算,然后结合模型输出的潜在蒸散量、可利用水资源量和植被需水经验公式对植被耗水量进行估算.最后,通过黑河流域的实例研究对方法进行验证.结果表明,GISMOD结合农业气象原理对天然植被耗水量进行估算是可行的.
Understanding hydrological processes of natural ecosystems is important for the management of water resources, ecosystem and environment in northwestern China. Evapotranspiration is one of the most important elements in hydrological processes. Different types of vegetation have different characteristics of water demands at growing stages, indicating that total leaf area and root water uptake of each plant might differ. In this paper, a distributed hydrological model, Grid--based Integrated Surface--groundwater model （GISMOD）, was developed to estimate evapotranspiration by vegetation using an agro-meteorology theorybased method. The dynamic characteristics of Leaf Area Index （LAI） for different natural vegetation were estimated based on effective accumulated temperature and soil water content. Precipitation intercepted by plants, evaporation from ground surface and plant transpiration were estimated by GISMOD according to empirical equation of plant water requirement, potential evapotranspiration （PET）, allocation characteristics of available water resources and simulated LAI data. A case study in the Heihe River basin was presented in order to evaluate model performance for estimating variability of evapotranspiration and LAI. Simulation results were consistent with actual situation and may be helpful in the future for the management of water resources.
出处
《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第2期124-131,共8页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)
基金
国家自然科学基金重点支持资助项目(91125015)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目
关键词
水文模型
植被耗水量
黑河
叶面积指数
hydrological model
evapotranspiration
leaf area index
Heihe River
