摘要
目的 了解重庆地区 0～ 2 4个月儿童食物过敏的流行情况及其临床症状 ,以利其诊断和预防。方法 采用国际上经典的食物过敏诊断方法进行研究。随机对 1999年 5～ 6月在重庆医科大学儿童医院儿童保健科门诊进行健康体检的 0～ 2 4个月正常婴幼儿 314例 ,以问卷、皮肤点刺试验和排除性饮食试验作为基本方法 ,对研究对象进行初步筛查 ,若以上结果为阳性则进行食物激发试验以最终确诊。结果 30 4例完成诊断步骤 ,调查应答率为 96 .8%。家长自诉小儿有食物过敏的有 43例 (约 13.7% ) ;11例确诊为食物过敏 ,10例因各种原因在排除性饮食过程中失访 ,故估计食物过敏的患病率最低为 3.5 % (11/314)。若假设食物过敏在失访者中有相同的发生率 ,则其患病率约为 5 .2% ;0～ 12个月婴儿食物过敏患病率为 6 .1%。确诊的患儿年龄均小于 12个月 ,平均为 (6 .4± 1.8)月 ,4～ 6个月为高发年龄段。结论 婴儿期是食物过敏的易感年龄。其临床表现与受累的器官有关 ,皮肤、胃肠道和呼吸系统症状最为常见。治疗食物过敏唯一有效的方法是避免特定食物抗原的摄入 ;
Objective Food hypersensitivity is perhaps the most controversial area of clinical immunology. Owing to the knowledge deficiency about pathogenesis and method of diagnosis, the “true” prevalence of food hypersensitivity is still unknown. The present study was designed to estimate the prevalence of food hypersensitivity in 0～24 months old infants in Chongqing and to confirm the clinical symptoms in order to diagnose and prevent this disease. Methods International standard method was used to diagnose food hypersensitivity. First, a questionnaire, skin prick test and elimination test were used as the elementary method to screen the study subjects; if the results of all the three tests were positive , food challenge were done to confirm food hypersensitivity. Totally 314 normal infants and youny children ( 0 24 months old) from Department of Primary Child Care, Children′s Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences seen during May and June, 1999 were recruited in this study. Among them, 250 were younger than 12 months and 64 were 12 24 months old. Results Among the 314 subjects, 304 (96.8%) responded to the tests; 43( about 13.7%) were reported to have food hypersensitivity by their parents; 11 subjects were confirmed to have food hypersensitivity by food challenge and 10 subjects dropped out due to various causes during the procedure of elimination test. The minimum prevalence of food hypersensitivity is about 3.5% (11/314). On the bases of an assumption that the prevalence of food hypersensitivity was equal in participants and dropouts, a best estimate of prevalence was 5.2% . While the prevalence of food hypersensitivity in 0 12 months old infants was about 6.1%. The age of all patients confirmed to have food hypersensitivity was less than 12 months (average: 6.4±1.8 months)and the most susceptible age was 4 6 months. Although the offending foods involve soy, peanut, fish and orange, egg and cow′s milk were the most common foods to induce food hypersensitivity. The clinical responses related to cutaneous (eczema and wheal), gastrointestinal (vomit and diarrhea) and respiratory (sneezing) symptoms.Conclusion The prevalence of food hypersensitivity in 0 24 months old infants was about 5.2% and 0 12 months old infants were more susceptible to food hypersensitivity ; the clinical manifestations of food hypersensitivity depend on the target organ affected. Cutaneous, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms were the most common clinical responses; The medical history and various in vivo tests are useful. However, food challenge is absolutely necessary for diagnosing food hypersensitivity. The only effective treatment for food hypersensitivity is avoidance of the offending food; prolonging breast feeding may decrease the incidence of food hypersensitivity.
出处
《中华儿科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2000年第7期431-434,共4页
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics
关键词
食物过敏
流行病学
患病率
儿童
Food hypersensitivity
Epidemiology
Prevalence
